断路器欠压脱扣器抗冲击设计

主要应用于舰船等有冲击场合的断路器，其抗冲击性能要求很高。介绍了断路器欠压脱扣器在抗冲击方面的设计方法，此方法可以有效地削弱冲击力对欠压脱扣器的影响。     

净化铅烟用新型SV式洗涤器

ＳＶ型洗涤器净化铅烟微细颗粒，采用双级溅锥喷嘴喷雾，并通过低阻力文氏管使水滴进一步雾化，使粉尘与水滴充分接触碰撞而产生凝并，从而捕集润湿凝聚的大颗粒粉尘。再采用特殊的波纹脱水器捕集带尘水滴，使烟气脱水。同时通过水中的碱〔ＮａＯＨ〕与铅粒的化学反应，增强净化效果。     

不同堆肥工艺处理的城市污水污泥对滨海湿地土壤中养分释放特征和潜力的影响

通过土壤培养实验研究了4种不同堆肥［纯城市污水污泥堆肥、玉米秸秆生物炭（CSB）改良堆肥、益生菌菌剂（EM）改良堆肥和CSB+EM改良堆肥］在土壤中的碳、氮、磷和钾等养分释放特性及其对土壤溶解有机质（DOM）光谱特征、微生物群落的影响.结果表明,堆肥添加可显著降低土壤的pH,提高土壤的电导率,同时提高土壤中植物可利用养分［如可溶性有机碳（DOC）、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、速效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）］含量;比较不同堆肥发现CSB+EM改良堆肥（CSB+EM-C）具备更高的养分释放潜力,且同时显著提高土壤DOM的腐殖化程度;高通量测序结果发现堆肥添加可以增加优势菌门水平上的相对丰度（如变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门）,但不同堆肥之间有所差异,其中CSB+EM-C的提高潜力最大.综合上述结果证实CSB+EM的堆肥工艺具有最佳的堆肥养分供应和改善土壤质量的潜力.该研究能够为建立有效的城市污水污泥资源化利用和滨海湿地退化土壤改良综合技术策略提供科学的理论依据.     

铀尾矿中不同形态铀释放的影响因素及其相关性

采用正交试验、连续提取法及主成分分析,研究了液固比、浸出时间、酸雨pH值、PO₄^3-、CO₃^2-、Ca²⁺和腐殖酸浓度对铀尾矿库内铀尾矿中不同形态铀释放的影响.结果表明：影响易迁移态铀释放的因素,按重要程度排序为：Ca²⁺>酸雨pH值>CO₃^2->腐殖酸>浸出时间>PO₄^3->液固比,前4个因素是主要影响因素,且CO₃^2-与酸雨pH值的相关性最强.影响潜在迁移态铀释放的因素,按重要程度排序为：Ca²⁺>液固比>浸出时间>CO₃^2->腐殖酸>酸雨pH值>PO₄^3-,前4个因素是主要影响因素,且PO₄^3-与酸雨pH值的相关性最强.影响稳定态铀释放的因素,按重要程度排序为：PO₄^3->腐殖酸>CO₃^2->酸雨pH值>液固比>Ca²⁺>浸出时间,前4个因素是主要影响因素,且PO₄^3-与CO₃^2-的相关性最强.     

3种腐熟剂促进玉米秸秆快速腐解特征

为筛选出适宜东北寒冷区快速腐解秸秆的腐熟剂,通过网袋腐解试验明确施入3种秸秆腐熟剂对玉米秸秆生物量及养分释放的影响。结果显示：经过100 d的腐解,玉米秸秆生物量失重率随着时间的延长逐渐增加,玉米秸秆失重率为57.1%-64.1%,其中以施用3号秸秆腐熟剂的玉米秸秆生物量失重率最高,为64.1%。施入不同秸秆腐熟剂后玉米秸秆氮、磷、钾释放率分别为35.1%-57.2%、44.2%-59.6%、77.4%-89.7%,其中以3号腐熟剂的秸秆磷、钾素释放率最高。各处理有机碳矿化率呈相同的趋势,均随时间的延长逐渐增加,取样末期有机碳矿化率在65.3%-69.1%之间,且各处理间差异不明显。综上,以3号秸秆腐熟剂腐解秸秆的效果最好。     

流作用下泥沙悬浮释放污染物的数值分析

基于一维垂向模型(1DV模型),建立了波流共同作用下泥沙悬浮释放污染物的数学模型,模型通过验证可较好的描述床面附近紊动特性、水流结构、泥沙垂向分布及污染物解吸释放规律. 利用数学模型,通过设置不同的模拟情景,分析计算了波流共同作用下泥沙悬浮特征、污染物释放动态过程及时空分布特征. 研究表明: 波流共同作用下,吸附态污染物及总污染物垂向分布与悬浮泥沙分布一致,波浪底部边界层的周期性振荡限制了从底部悬扬的泥沙向上部水体的扩散,在近床面存在梯度较大的高浓度层,在悬浮释放的初期,溶解态污染物的垂向分布规律与吸附态污染物一致,达到平衡后,沿垂向均匀分布.水流流速和波浪强度对泥沙悬浮释放污染物有着不同程度的影响,水流对泥沙及污染物的垂向分布影响明显,波浪的影响主要体现在床面附近形成高浓度含沙层和污染物层.     

Determination of carazolol in pharmaceutical formulations by gas‐liquid‐chromatography (GLC)

A gas‐liquid‐chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of authentic carazolol and carazolol in tablets (Conducton^(R)?) has been described. Carazolol in tablets was extracted with absolute alcohol before injecting onto the gas Chromatograph. The concentration range adopted varied between 0.2 mg to 1.0 mg/ml of carazolol in alcohol solution. The results obtained were 97.6%±3.2 and 98.4%±2.6 for the stated and added amounts respectively.     

Chip-scale calorimeters: Potential uses in chemical engineering

This work illustrates the potential use of chip-scale calorimeters in typical applications found in chemical engineering including thermal hazard screening, material characterization, and mixing compatibility screening. Experimental results were obtained from two liquid nanocalorimeters and one thermal conductivity sensor designed and commercialized by Xensor Integration, and from two microfabricated calorimeter prototypes developed at Texas A&M University and University of Louisiana at Lafayette.     

Unignited High-Pressure Methane Jet Impinging a Pipe Rack: Practical Tools for Risk Assessment

Although the diffusion of its storage and transport under liquefied conditions, nowadays it is common to have methane in gaseous form in several industrial applications. This leads to safety implications to be considered: hazards are linked to both the high-pressure at which the gas is kept and to its flammability. Scenarios where flammable jets impact an obstacle are of paramount importance because of their possible occurrence. Following a numerical approach, literature shows up that their assessment can be reliably performed by means of only Computational Fluid Dynamics tools. However, despite the improvements of computing power, Computational Fluid Dynamics costs still limit its use in daily risk analysts’ activities. Therefore, considering an accidental jet-obstacle scenario of industrial interest, the present work investigates how a pipe rack can influence the development of a high-pressure methane jet. Based on a Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis, main achievements of this work are a simple criterion able to identify the situations where the pipe rack does not influence the high-pressure methane jet behavior, therefore allowing to identify the scenarios where simpler models can be used (i.e., analytical correlations known for the free jet situation), and, if present, a simple analytical relationship that roughly predicts the influence of the pipe rack without the need of performing complex Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations.     

Release behavior and bioefficacy of imazethapyr formulations based on biopolymeric hydrogels

Controlled release formulations of imazethapyr herbicide have been developed employing guar gum-g-cl-polyacrylate/bentonite clay hydrogel composite (GG-HG) and guar gum-g-cl-PNIPAm nano hydrogel (GG-NHG) as carriers, to assess the suitability of biopolymeric hydrogels as controlled herbicide release devices. The kinetics of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations was studied in water and it revealed that the developed formulations of imazethapyr behaved as slow release formulations as compared to commercial formulation. The calculated diffusion exponent (n) values showed that Fickian diffusion was the predominant mechanism of imazethapyr release from the developed formulations. Time for release of half of the loaded imazethapyr (t_1/2) ranged between 0.06 and 4.8 days in case of GG-NHG and 4.4 and 12.6 days for the GG-HG formulations. Weed control index (WCI) of GG-HG and GG-NHG formulations was similar to that of the commercial formulation and the herbicidal effect was observed for relatively longer period. Guar gum-based biopolymeric hydrogels in both macro and nano particle size range can serve as potential carriers in developing slow release herbicide formulations.