液相微萃取技术及其在环境水样预处理中的应用

介绍了液相微萃取技术的基本原理、萃取过程与中空纤维的形式。分析了中空纤维、有机萃取剂、吸收液体积、样品搅动、无机盐类、pH值和萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响。综述了液相微萃取技术在环境水样预处理中的应用。     

煤矿安全技术及装备网站建设的技术实现与展望

针对煤炭系统安全装备信息开发利用技术落后、信息匮乏、信息交流困难的现状 ,提出建设煤矿安全技术及装备 WWW网站的设想 ,并利用 Cold Fusion和 SQL Server完成煤矿安全技术及装备 WWW网站建设。笔者对网站的用户管理和信息动态发布两个关键技术的实现作详细介绍 ;并指出信息量及信息范围的扩大、安全技术 BBS论坛、煤矿安全设备电子商务将是今后网站的主要发展方向     

含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣在自然淋滤过程中铊的迁移与释放

重点研究了自然淋滤过程中广东某大型硫酸厂含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣(沉灰渣)中有毒有害重金属元素Tl向周围环境的迁移释放能力及其影响因素.研究表明:自然淋滤作用下,沉灰渣中Tl污染物的迁移释放能力很强;沉灰渣中Tl的赋存形态是控制其迁移释放能力大小的内在因素和首要因素,而淋滤液pH和沉灰渣矿物组成是控制沉灰渣中Tl迁移释放能力大小的外在因素和次要因素.不同结合形式的Tl在沉灰渣中的迁移释放能力明显不同,释放强弱顺序为:酸可交换方式吸附在废渣中的Tl>铁锰氧化物结合态的Tl>硫化物和硅酸盐矿物结合态的Tl.      

模拟酸雨对红壤中铬释放的影响研究

采用室内模拟酸雨淋溶土柱的方法,研究了酸雨淋溶下4种红壤铬的释放特征与规律.结果表明:经过相当于9 150和10 650 mm降水量的淋溶后,与对照(pH为5.6)相比,pH为4.5的酸雨使红壤铬的累积释放量提高4.03%～88.54%,pH为3.5的酸雨使其提高6.75%～308.42%;不同红壤铬的释放量随淋溶量的变化规律较为相似,总体上表现为释放量随淋溶量的增加而缓慢上升.酸雨对红壤铬释放的促进作用一方面是由于酸雨提高了Cr(OH)₃的溶解度;另一方面是由于H+对Cr3+的竞争吸附作用、酸雨所导致的土壤溶液中离子强度增加及酸雨对土壤胶体(主要是铝和铁的氧化物及氢氧化物)的溶蚀作用而降低了Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附量.      

A new strategy for obtaining highly concentrated phosphorus recovery solution in biofilm phosphorus recovery process

Recovery of phosphorus（P） from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources. At present, the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution. This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm. A biofilm sequencing batch reactor（BSBR） process was mod...     

Prevention of chloridazon and metribuzin pollution using lignin-based formulations

The herbicides chloridazon and metribuzin, identified as groundwater pollutants, were incorporated in lignin-based granules with different sizes to obtain controlled release formulations (CRFs) and reduce water pollution risk. Kinetics release tests in water and soil showed that the release rate of both from CRFs diminished in comparison to technical products. A linear correlation was obtained between the time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released (T₅₀) into water and granule size of the CRFs. Besides, a linear correlation was reached between T₅₀ values in water and soil. Mobility experiments carried out in calcareous soil show that the use of lignin-based CRFs reduces the presence of both herbicides in the leachate compared to the technical grade products. The set of experiments developed in this research can be useful to design, prepare and evaluate formulations with CR properties which can reduce the pollution derived from the use of herbicides.     

底泥扰动状态下内源磷释放过程模拟研究

为了揭示底泥扰动对内源磷释放的影响,通过室内实验模拟了底泥多次扰动状态的整个过程。结果表明,底泥扰动刚结束(0 h),溶解态磷(DIP、DTP)显著降低;底泥扰动结束后(1、6和24 h),溶解态磷发生"滞后释放"。第1 d,在1、6和24 h采样时段,DIP、DTP的"滞后释放量"最大,分别达到20.0 1mg/kg,22.12 mg/kg,16.85 mg/kg和17.21 mg/kg,22.12 mg/kg,9.69 mg/kg。第2 d,该释放量分别降低了44.80%~57.87%和42.52%~61.24%。随着底泥扰动次数的增加,溶解态磷的"滞后释放"逐渐转变为"负释放",同时,DIP/TP和DTP/TP逐渐降低。这说明,底泥扰动应该是促进了上覆水中溶解态磷向底泥的迁移和强化了底泥对磷的固定作用,同时降低了水体中磷的可生物利用性。因此推测,底泥扰动延缓了水体富营养化的发展进程。     

城市河涌受污染底泥的固化/稳定化处理

为了给河涌疏浚底泥的资源化提供技术支持,以广州市车陂涌表层受污染底泥为研究对象,用水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、膨润土等材料对底泥进行固化/稳定化处理实验。通过无侧限抗压强度、污染物在模拟自然条件下(中性)的释放特征、毒性浸出实验(酸性条件)对固化/稳定化处理效果进行综合分析。结果表明:经合适的处理后,固化体抗压强度能高于300 kPa;固化体自然条件下重金属的释放量明显减少,固化/稳定化处理能够有效减缓和减少固化体的二次污染;毒性浸出实验结果表明,河涌底泥经固化/稳定化处理后其重金属浸出能力显著降低。     

Analysis of brominated flame retardants in house dust

The main objective of this study was to create a robust analytical method to analyse the flame retardants decabromodiphenylether (BDE-209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in house dust in order to estimate the degree of contamination of indoor environment. A liquid chromatography method equipped with a UV-detector and electro spray-tandem mass spectrometry was used to achieve this result. Applying an external calibration for BDE-209, an internal calibration for TBBPA, and a standard addition method for HBCD low limits of quantification were obtained. The analytical procedure was carried out under exclusion of UV-light as the target compounds potentially degrade when being exposed to UV-light. Empirical data were obtained in addition to the dust samples to estimate potential influences of apartment characteristics. A weak correlation between the number of electric devices and TBBPA was found.     

A2O工艺好氧末段溶解氧变化对脱氮除磷影响

采用连续流A2O工艺处理实际的生活污水,研究好氧末段在不同溶解氧（DO）浓度条件下对污泥沉降性能、系统脱氮除磷的影响,同时考察了DO对污泥硝化活性、厌氧释磷速率和反硝化脱氮速率的影响。结果表明,随着末段溶解氧的提高,污泥容积指数SVI从140降至100左右,后又升高到120~170;系统的硝化效果提高,氨氮的去除率从60%升高到80%以上再到90%以上;总氮的去除效果也有显著提高,平均去除率从54%升高到63%再到67%;虽然磷的去除效果有所加强,总磷的平均去除率从41%升高到59%再到69%,但仍难达标。