淹水土壤土-水界面磷素迁移转化研究

通过室内PVC土槽实验,模拟了淹水条件下土壤上覆淹水和孔隙水中磷的释放及其影响因素Eh值、pH值、Fe2 、Fe3 和溶解有机质(DOC),以及土壤中无机磷组分的转化,并通过偏最小二乘主成分分析法分析影响磷迁移转化的因素,得到主要影响因子.实验结果表明,54d淹水期间,上覆淹水可溶性磷浓度大于孔隙水的磷浓度,前者累积释磷量是后者的16倍;土壤磷的释放主要以Fe-P、O-P和Al-P为主, Ca-P基本不变,其中以Fe-P的贡献最大,淹水期间比初始值减少了30.4%～72%;主成分分析表明, Eh值、Fe2 Fe3 和DOC是影响上覆淹水磷释放的主要因子, DOC络合Fe2 和Fe3 成水溶性三元复合体,释磷机制以络合增溶为主;DOC是影响土壤孔隙水磷释放主要因子,释磷机制以竞争吸附为主,高浓度铁离子的存在阻止了孔隙水中磷释放.     

南方某城市供水管网红水原因调查与研究

针对南方某城市供水管网经常出现红水现象,对实际供水管网进行了调查.从某城市供水管网中连续取样检测溶解氧、余氯、铁浓度、锰浓度、铁细菌和亚硝酸菌等重要水质指标,目的是探讨管网出现红水的原因.结果表明,管网出现红水地区的沉淀物主要成分为铁、锰,出厂水存在锰超标现象（Mn最大值达到0.33 mg.L-1）,4个水厂出厂水拉森指数均〉1,4个水厂供水量及硫酸盐、电导率等供水水质指标存在较大的差别,管网中铁细菌及亚硝酸菌（100～103MPN.mL-1）存在水平较高.因此,出厂水本身腐蚀性是导致管网出现红水的潜在原因;其次,各水厂供水量和水质差异导致管网水在低溶解氧及低余氯条件下易发生红水现象;再者,管网中硝化作用严重,诱发微生物腐蚀供水管道.为此,针对上述原因提出控制管网红水现象的主要措施.     

静态液相微萃取-气质联用测定烷基酚方法优化

采用静态液相微萃取前处理方法与气相色谱—质谱联用技术相结合对水样中烷基酚测定方法进行优化。     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on mercury release from water body

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the process of mercury release from water body. In this study, the influence of DOM from different sources (DOMR, DOMS and DOMH, extracted from rice straw, compost and humic soil respectively) on mercury reduction was investigated. The molecular weight distribution and chemical composition of DOM from each source were determined using ultrafiltration membrane technique and elemental analysis respectively. The result showed that mercury release from DOM-added samples was much lower than the control; the lowest mercury release flux was observed in the treatment of DOMH, 25.02% of the control, followed by DOMS and DOMR, 62.46% and 64.95% of the control, respectively. The higher saturation degree and lower molecular weight of DOMH was responsible for the highest inhibition degree on the mercury release. The link between DOMH, concentration and mercury flux was also estimated and the result showed that mercury flux was increased with DOMH at lower concentration, while decreased with DOMH at higher concentration. Different mechanism dominated the influence of DOM on mercury release with variation of DOM concentration.     

A new method of inhibiting pollutant release from source water reservoir sediment by adding chemical stabilization agents combined with water-lifting aerator

A new method of adding chemical stabilization agents combined with water-lifting aerator can inhibit pollutant release from source water reservoir sediment effectively.     

黄浦江表层沉积物中吸附态As(V)的释放研究

通过实验室模拟释放实验,研究了黄浦江表层沉积物对吸附态A(sV)的释放规律。结果表明,在静置条件下,淀峰和吴淞口处沉积物中A(sV)的释放量随时间的增加逐渐增大,在第1～16天时A(sV)释放量分别由3.33μg/L和6.73μg/L达到12.54μg/L和15.34μg/L,然后渐渐趋于稳定;扰动条件有利于A(sV)的释放,As(V)的释放量随扰动档速的提高急剧上升;在5～45℃温度试验范围,温度升高有利于A(sV)的释放;在pH由2～11范围内,A(sV)的释放量随pH的变化呈现"V"字形变化,在pH 5附近A(sV)释放最低,淀峰和吴淞口处分别为8.78μg/L和10.54μg/L;PO43-和HCO3-对A(sV)的释放影响明显,A(sV)释放量随溶液中PO43-和HCO3-浓度的增大而增大。     

风浪扰动中太湖OA对水体磷循环影响的原位实验研究

在一次风速12 m.s-1的强风浪过程中,对太湖梅梁湾一浅水区水体有机聚集体（organic aggregates,OA）丰度、颗粒态有机质含量、碳、氮和磷含量等基本理化性质的变化情况进行了连续的原位监测和分析,同时分析了基本的水质指标.结果表明,风浪过程会对水体OA的理化性质及水体的磷循环产生极大的影响：在风浪过程中...     

同位素稀释-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定养殖水体中23种镇静剂

建立了同位素稀释-液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）同时测定养殖水体中23种镇静剂残留的方法。样品经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后用50%的甲醇水定容。以1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相,采用Agilent InfiniityLab Poroshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱分离后,在多反应监测模式下测定,内标法定量。结果表明,23种镇静剂在0.5～100ng/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99）,检出限和定量限分别为0.1~0.3和0.4 ~1.0 ng/L。加标回收率为73.5%~117.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1%~9.9%。该方法前处理简单,净化效果较好,灵敏度较高,适用于池塘养殖水体中23种镇静剂类药物残留的快速检测。     

Development of a new chemical process-industry accident database to assist in past accident analysis

Past accident analysis (PAA) is one of the most potent and oft-used exercises for gaining insights into the reasons why accidents occur in chemical process industry (CPI) and the damage they cause. PAA provides invaluable ‘wisdom of hindsight’ with which strategies to prevent accidents or cushion the impact of inevitable accidents can be developed.A number of databases maintain record of past accidents in CPI. The most comprehensive of the existing databases include Major Hazard Incident Data Service (MHIDAS), Major Accident Reporting System (MARS), and Failure and Accidents Technical Information Systems (FACTS). But each of these databases have some limitations. For example MHIDAS can be accessed only after paying a substantial fee. Moreover, as detailed in the paper, it is not infallible and has some inaccuracies. Other databases, besides having similar problems, are seldom confined to accidents in chemical process industries but also cover accidents from other domains such as nuclear power plants, construction industry, and natural disasters. This makes them difficult to use for PAA relating to CPI. Operational injuries not related to loss of containment, are also often included. Moreover, the detailing of events doesn’t follow a consistent pattern or classification; a good deal of relevant information is either missing or is misclassified.The present work is an attempt to develop a comprehensive open-source database to assist PAA. To this end, information on about 8000 accidents, available in different open-source clearing houses has been brought into a new database named by us PUPAD (Pondicherry University Process-industry Accident Database). Multiple and overlapping accident records have been carefully eliminated and a search engine has been developed for retrieval of the records on the basis of appropriate classification. PUPAD doesn’t aim to replace or substitute the well established databases such as MHIDAS and MARS but, rather, aims to compliment them.     

毒气泄漏场景下基于蒙特卡罗的工厂布局研究

由于在工业生产中使用危险化学品会引起各种工业事故的发生,为了减小事故风险,降低由此产生的经济损失,必须将安全问题考虑在内,对工厂进行合理布局。采用蒙特卡罗模拟技术,研究某生产设施发生有毒气体泄漏的场景下,气象条件的不确定性对工厂布局的影响。以风向、风速及大气稳定性作为随机变量,通过扩散模型、概率函数和蒙特卡罗模拟得到中毒死亡概率。将上述随机方法应用在天津某个处于规划布局阶段的工厂内,以氨气泄漏为例,根据该地区常年风向分布及所得风险等值线图对工厂设施布局提出建议。案例分析表明:该工厂需要进行重新布局,应将受体设施布置在风险较小、风频较小的方位上;同时该随机方法能够为工厂布局提供决策支持。