Combined Effects of Physical Demands and Shift Working on Low Back Disorders Among Nursing Personnel

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of physical demands and shift working on low back disorders (LBDs) among nursing personnel. The study used 2 questionnaires: a self-administered questionnaire composed of parts of Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to assess LBDs and job content questionnaire to assess physical demands. The participants were divided into 4 groups: from group 1 (low physical demands day workers) to group 4 (high physical demands shift workers). In regression analysis, high physical demands were associated with the prevalence of LBDs independently (OR 4.4, 95% CI [2.40, 8.00] and p < .05), but there was no association between shift working and LBDs (p > .05). Odds ratio in high physical demands shift workers was 9.33 compared to the reference group (p < .001). Calculated synergistic index was 7.37. Simultaneous impacts of shift working and high physical demands may increase the prevalence of LBDs among nursing personnel.     

北京东灵山地区主要大气污染物浓度变化特征

2009年8月～2011年6月在北京东灵山森林站连续观测了SO2、NOx、O3和PM2.5的浓度,利用观测数据分析了大气污染物的月变化、季节变化和统计日变化特征,结合气流轨迹探讨了传输对污染物的影响.结果表明,观测期间NO、NO2、NOx、O3、SO2和PM2.5浓度的平均值分别为(2.0±1.6)、(13.2±7.2)、(15.3±8.2)、(61.0±19.6)、(3.6±3.6)、(35.6±32.0)μg.m-3,均低于北京城区的观测值.NOx浓度秋季最高,夏季最低,分别为(17.0±8.0)μg.m-3和(13.8±4.1)μg.m-3.O3浓度春、夏季高于秋、冬季,最高值出现在6月份.SO2冬季浓度最高,夏季浓度最低,冬季与夏季的比值约为2.7.PM2.5夏季的浓度要远高于其他3个季节,达到56.4μg.m-3.NOx、O3和SO2浓度日变化显著,其中NOx日变化为双峰型,O3和SO2日变化为单峰型,PM2.5日变化幅度较小.     

基于人工神经网络的莺落峡月径流模拟预测

莺落峡是黑河干流出山口径流量的重要控制站,莺落峡径流量的多少直接影响着该流域经济、社会的发展和生态环境保护,水资源分配和调度的管理和决策。论文基于人工神经网络,对莺落峡径流进行了模拟预测。将月径流分为汛期和非汛期,分别建立BP人工神经网络,通过对径流分类前后的模型进行比较,发现分类后的月径流BP模型的性能显然优于未分类的模型,故此设计了4种不同气候情景,采用分类后的模型对莺落峡2030年的径流量进行了预测。即,在降水量不变、气温增加0.5℃,2030年莺落峡年径流量将增加8.92%;气温增加1℃、降水量不变,年径流量将减少5.414%;气温不变、降水量增加10%,年径流量将增加9.905%;气温增加0.5℃、降水量增加10%,年径流量将增加8.98%。     

远距离输送作用对南京大气污染的影响

为了研究近地层大气污染物远程输送对于南京地区的影响,结合南京北郊观测点的观测资料,对2008—2009年南京地区气团的后向轨迹进行了聚类分析,结果表明：O3质量浓度分布呈双峰型,分别于5—6月和8—10月达到了高峰,两年共计有36 d质量浓度超过了国家环境空气质量标准二级标准,其中两次峰值期间占81%和83%。NO2和SO2在冬季较其他季节质量浓度高。到达南京气流轨迹以东部气团（占总数37%）为主。在东部气团影响下,南京周边地区近地层O3、NO2和SO2质量浓度分别为99.5、54.0和76.6μg.m-3,大气污染物质量浓度均较高。从后向轨迹分析认为,与气团途经并携带了重污染的长三角地区近地层排放的气体污染物有关。相对于其他来向的气团,东部气团对于南京地区近地层的影响更重要。     

Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic cationic hydrogel: Effect of electrostatic adsorption and mechanism

Excessive nitrate(NO₃^-) is among the most problematic surface water and groundwater pollutants.In this study,a type of magnetic cationic hydrogel(MCH) is employed for NO₃^-adsorption and well characterized herein.Its adsorption capacity is considerably pHdependent and achieves the optimal adsorption(maximum NO₃^--adsorption capacity is95.88±1.24 mg/g) when the pH level is 5.2-8.8.The fitting result using the homogeneous surface diff...     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

Determination activity of radionuclides in marine sediment by gamma spectrometer with anti cosmic shielding

In this work, the activities of radionuclides in a marine sediment sample have been determined. The gamma spectrometer comprises an N type coaxial HPGe detector with active shielding to reduce cosmic background. The mass activities of radionuclides have been derived and found to be around a few Bq kg⁻¹ to several hundreds Bq kg⁻¹ with relative uncertainties in this paper quoted corresponding to the combined standard uncertainties (k = 1).     

长江经济带碳排放现状及未来碳减排

长江经济带是我国"三大支撑带"之一,其碳减排目标实现对我国生态文明建设具有重要意义。采用2005~2013年长江经济带(含9省2市)的能源消耗与经济社会数据,通过数理统计,得出各地历年碳排放量、人均碳排放、能源强度、产业结构多元水平的具体数值及变化率,结合运用弹性计算和矩阵分类法,发现长江经济带碳排放存在空间与结构差异。研究结果显示:(1)长江经济带碳排放及增长率、人均碳排放及增长率、能源强度都高于全国平均水平,能源强度下降率低于全国平均水平;把长江经济带分为东中西三段区域,碳排放总量、人均碳排放及能源强度下降率梯度下降,碳排放增长率、人均碳排放增长率、能源强度梯度上升。(2)工业化开始越早、重工业化主导向生产性服务业主导转变越快、越充分地区,经济低碳化水平越高;通过提升产业结构多元化速度有利于碳减排。(3)长江经济带各地实现碳减排措施应有不同,东段地区应着重降低人均碳排放,中西段地区应着重于降低能源强度。(4)未来碳减排应兼顾公平与效率,各地区碳减排目标分配应结合各地支付能力、碳汇能力、生产效率、能源结构等因素来安排。     

Ozone-enhanced catalytic oxidation of monochlorobenzene over iron oxide catalysts

In this study, we examined the experimental catalytic oxidation of gaseous monochlorobenzene (MCBz) with O₃ over Fe₂O₃ in a packed bed reactor to investigate the feasibility of economical low temperature decomposition at a high space velocity (SV). We investigated the effects of several reaction parameters (temperature, O₃ concentration, and SV) on the MCBz oxidation. At 150 °C, the conversion of MCBz over Fe₂O₃ in the absence of O₃ was only 3%; it increased to 91% over Fe₂O₃ in the presence of 1200 ppm of O₃ at a high SV of 83 s⁻¹. A long-term operation study revealed that the conversion of MCBz was stable for more than 96 h. In the steady state, the carbon and chlorine balances were 88% and 86%, respectively. Applying a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, we estimated an activation energy of 16.7 kJ mol⁻¹ for MCBz oxidation over Fe₂O₃ in the presence of O₃.     

络合萃取法处理2-萘酚生产废水

采用络合萃取法处理2-萘酚生产废水,比较了分别以三辛胺、十二烷基二甲基胺（十二叔胺）、三烷基胺作为萃取剂的萃取效果,其中三辛胺萃取效果最佳,三烷基胺次之,十二叔胺的萃取效果最差。处理2-萘酚生产废水的最佳工艺条件为：以三辛胺作为萃取剂,萃取剂加入量为8.5%,废水pH为1.0。在此最佳工艺条件下废水的COD去除率可达97.2%。采用NaOH溶液反萃取后的萃取剂用于第二次萃取,COD去除率为96.4%,再反萃取后用于第三次萃取,COD去除率为94.9 %。萃取剂可重复使用。