BP神经网络在航空机务人员本质安全程度评价中的应用

航空机务是飞机安全服役的重要保障,为提高航空机务系统的本质安全性,需要对航空机务人员的本质安全程度进行准确评价。在对本质安全人进行定义并明确航空机务人员本质安全程度评价项目后,构建了一种基于MATLAB的用于本质安全程度评价的BP神经网络模型。实例分析中,以某航空公司10位机务人员的专家打分数据作为样本输入,在对输入数据进行标准化处理,并明确期望输出后,通过编程计算,确定了网络隐含层神经元的最佳数目。采用优化结构进行仿真计算,结果表明BP网络的期望输出值和实际仿真输出值能较好吻合,证实了模型的可信性。基于BP网络的航空机务人员本质安全程度评价具有较好的适用性和可行性。     

Adapting the bioblitz to meet conservation needs

When conservation strategies require new, field‐based information, practitioners must find the best ways to rapidly deliver high‐quality survey data. To address this challenge, several rapid‐assessment approaches have been developed since the early 1990s. These typically involve large areas, take many months to complete, and are not appropriate when conservation‐relevant survey data are urgently needed for a specific locale. In contrast, bioblitzes are designed for quick collection of site‐specific survey data. Although bioblitzes are commonly used to achieve educational or public‐engagement goals, conservation practitioners are increasingly using a modified bioblitz approach to generate conservation‐relevant data while simultaneously enhancing research capacity and building working partnerships focused on conservation concerns. We term these modified events expert bioblitzes. Several expert bioblitzes have taken place on lands of conservation concern in Southern California and have involved collaborative efforts of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, botanic gardens, museums, and universities. The results of expert bioblitzes directly informed on‐the‐ground conservation and decision‐making; increased capacity for rapid deployment of expert bioblitzes in the future; and fostered collaboration and communication among taxonomically and institutionally diverse experts. As research and conservation funding becomes increasingly scarce, expert bioblitzes can play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation.     

Time discounting and the decision to protect areas that are near and threatened or remote and cheap to acquire

Should conservation organizations focus on protecting habitats that are at imminent risk of being converted but are expensive or more remote areas that are less immediately threatened but where a large amount of land can be set aside? Variants of this trade‐off commonly arise in spatial planning. I used models of land‐use change near a deforestation frontier to examine this trade‐off. The optimal choice of where to protect was determined by how decisions taken today accounted for ecological benefits and economic costs of conservation actions that would occur sometime in the future. I used an ecological and economic discount rate to weight these benefits and costs. A large economic discount rate favored protecting more remote areas, whereas a large, positive ecological discount rate favored protecting habitat near the current deforestation frontier. The decision over where to protect was also affected by the influence economic factors had on landowners' decisions, the rate of technological change, and ecological heterogeneity of the landscape. How benefits and costs through time are accounted for warrants careful consideration when specifying conservation objectives. It may provide a niche axis along which conservation organizations differentiate themselves when competing for donor funding or other support.     

A climatology of Be at four high-altitude stations at the Alps and the Northern Apennines

The ⁷Be activity concentrations measured from 1996 to 1998 at four high-altitude stations, Jungfraujoch—Switzerland, Zugspitze—Germany, Sonnblick—Austria and Mt. Cimone—Italy, were analyzed in combination with a set of, meteorological and atmospheric parameters such as the tropopause height, relative and specific humidity and also in conjunction with 3D back-trajectories in order to investigate the climatological features of ⁷Be. A frequency distribution analysis on ⁷Be activity concentrations revealed the existence of two concentration classes around 1.5 and 6 mBq m⁻³ and a transition class between the two modes of the distribution at 3–4 mBq m⁻³. Cross-correlation analysis performed between ⁷Be and a number of meteorological and atmospheric parameters at the first three stations showed a strong negative correlation with relative humidity (−0.56, −0.51, −0.41) indicating the importance of wet scavenging as a controlling mechanism. Also, the positive correlation with the height of 3-days back-trajectories and tropopause height (+0.49/+0.43, +0.59/+0.36, +0.44/+0.38) shows that downward transport from the upper or middle to lower troposphere within anticyclonic conditions plays also an important role. Trajectory statistics showed that low ⁷Be concentrations typically originate from lower-altitude subtropical ocean areas, while high concentrations arrive from the north and high altitudes, as is characteristic for stratospheric intrusions. Although the ⁷Be activity concentrations are highly episodic, the monthly means indicate an annual cycle with a late-summer maximum at all stations. The correlation coefficients calculated for monthly means of the ⁷Be and atmospheric data suggest that the main predictor controlling the seasonality of the ⁷Be concentrations is tropopause height (+0.76, +0.56, +0.60), reflecting more vertical transport from upper tropospheric levels into the lower troposphere during the warm season than during the cold season.     

含砷废水处理工程实践

介绍了一种中小型含砷废水治理的成功工程实例 ,并介绍了石灰沉降、FeSO4 除As的有关技术参数及独特的曝气系统设计。该设计弥补了以往设计中曝气系统氧利用率不高、曝气头易结垢堵塞及曝气头损坏后维修不方便等缺限。     

Bi5O7I/g-C3N4Z型异质结的常温沉淀制备及其光催化性能研究

以Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O、KI和g-C₃N₄为前驱体,采用常温沉淀法制备Bi₅O₇I/g-C₃N₄Z型异质结复合光催化剂,表征其光吸收性能、微观形貌、光生电子-空穴的分离效率等特性,研究新型光催化剂对RhB的可见光催化降解性能,探讨其可见光催化过程活性基团种类以及作用机理.结果表明：利用沉淀法合成Bi₅O₇I/g-C₃N₄的条件为：Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O、KI和g-C₃N₄的投加量分别为4.85g、1.66g和1.61g,乙二醇的用量为50mL,反应液的pH值为12,反应搅拌速度为200r/min,反应温度为25℃.Bi₅O₇I/g-C₃N₄异质结无杂相生成且纯度高,异质结复合发生在g-C₃N₄的（002）晶面和Bi₅O₇I的（203）晶面,但g-C₃N₄和Bi₅O₇I的化学结构未受影响.Bi₅O₇I/g-C₃N₄呈三维纳米花瓣形貌结构,为光生电子-空穴的迁移提供了大量的接触位点.Bi₅O₇I的g-C₃N₄掺杂改性使其光催化活性显著增强,其光吸收边缘由425nm红移至462nm,Bi₅O₇I/g-C₃N₄的能带排列结构与Z型异质结匹配,促进了光生电子-空穴的分离.其光电流密度（11.5mA/cm）约为g-C₃N₄和Bi₅O₇I对应值的2.66倍和1.47倍.Bi₅O₇I/g-C₃N₄对罗丹明B的可见光催化降解率为93.9%,显著高于g-C₃N₄（58%）和Bi₅O₇I（49.7%）的降解效果,其光催化氧化活性主要来自羟基基团、超氧基团和光生空穴等中间态自由基.     

The terms of trade debate and the policy implications for primary product producers

The terms of trade debate initiated by Raul Prebisch and Hans Singer over 60 years ago continues to this day and is unlikely to be resolved soon. However, even if Prebisch and Singer are right and the terms of trade of countries exporting primary products are falling, to suggest that these countries should diversify away from the production of mineral commodities and other primary products, as many have done, may be poor policy advice, encouraging countries to abandon a promising source of wealth with which to foster economic development.     

Prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma with constitutional partial monosomy 7q/trisomy 2p

We report the prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with sacrococcygeal teratoma and facial dysmorphism attributed to a constitutional terminal deletion of chromosome 7q and partial trisomy of chromosome 2p likely resulting from a de novo balanced translocation. The cytogenetic abnormality was diagnosed prenatally after sonographic detection of teratoma and confirmed on peripheral blood cells at birth. The newborn died of post-operative complications at seven days of age. FISH analysis demonstrated haploinsufficiency of HLXB9, a gene identified in the triad of a presacral mass (teratoma or anterior meningocele), sacral agenesis, and anorectal malformation, which constitutes the Currarino syndrome. Despite the absence of other features of the triad, the teratoma observed in the fetus we describe might represent a partial form of Currarino syndrome. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用MATLAB实现蒙特卡罗法评定大型复杂系统平均寿命

随着现代工程系统的大型化与复杂化趋势，大型复杂系统可靠性评定是亟待解决的问题。工程中常用的可靠性指标有可靠度和平均寿命，平均寿命指标直观、物理概念清晰，使用更加方便。针对有限样本条件下，大型复杂系统平均寿命评定的蒙特卡罗法，提出利用MATLAB进行抽样模拟，大大提高了计算效率，对工程中大型复杂系统平均寿命评定具有重要应用价值。     

基于MATLAB的液氨泄漏环境风险分析

利用MATLAB软件,对液氨储罐在生产、储存、运输过程中发生的液氨泄漏进行模拟,根据不同环境参数和泄漏源强,模拟出液氨泄漏后的安全区、轻伤区、重伤区、死亡区的距离,并进行环境风险评价,以为企业、政府和泄漏区域的居民撤离、应急救援提供参考。