苯并［a］芘对黑鲷肝脏GST活性的影响及其与肝脏代谢酶和胆汁代谢产物之间的变化关系

为探讨苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)暴露对鱼类的影响并筛选特异、敏感的生物标志物,研究了B[a]P对黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性的影响,并分析了肝脏7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)、GST活性与胆汁中B[a]P典型代谢产物3-羟基-苯并[a]芘(3-OHB[a]P)3者之间及与B[a]P之间的剂量、时间-效应关系.结果显示:在B[a]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·L-1)暴露期间,肝脏GST活性随暴露时间总体呈"钟"形的变化趋势,在第2d时达到峰值;在第12h、1d和2d时,GST活性与B[a]P暴露浓度呈显著正相关(R12h=0.966(p<0.05)、R1d=0.953(p<0.05)、R2d=0.824(p<0.05)).与前期研究结果对比分析发现,B[a]P(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0μg·L-1)暴露7d时,胆汁中3-OHB[a]P浓度与B[a]P暴露浓度呈显著的剂量-效应关系(R=0.943,p<0.05);黑鲷肝脏GST、EROD活性与3-OHB[a]P的对数浓度均呈显著正相关(RGST=0.740(p<0.05)、REROD=0.839(p<0.05));2.0μg·L-1B[a]P暴露后,黑鲷肝脏EROD、GST活性与3-OHB[a]P随暴露时间的变化趋势基本相同,但并不完全一致.鱼类肝脏EROD、GST与胆汁中B[a]P代谢产物3者之间的变化关系较为复杂,暴露浓度和时间是影响其变化的重要因素,肝脏GST和EROD活性比胆汁中代谢产物更易受其影响,在B[a]P的环境监测中代谢产物可能是一种更为可行的生物标志物.     

铁路行车事故预测方法分析与比较

对铁路行车事故的特点和类型进行分析;根据美国铁路2005年安全年报提供的数据,运用灰色系统理论和BP神经网络方法建立铁路行车事故的预测模型;利用MATLAB软件进行预测仿真,比较和分析两种预测方法的精度及特点。结果表明:灰色系统理论预测结果固定,短期效果比较好;BP神经网络预测具有适应性和灵活性,适用于长期预测。采用灰色系统理论和BP神经网络进行铁路行车事故的预测,克服了传统数学统计预测方法中建立复杂的数学模型,预测准确性低的缺点,对预防和控制铁路事故的发生,降低事故损失具有现实意义。     

基于MATLAB的应急救援最优路径选择

利用图论中的最短路径技术,结合层次分析法计算得出了影响应急救援资源运输系统的时效性、安全性、经济性等因素的权重值.应用Dijkstra算法探索了应急救援新的路径权重计算方法,提出了一套最优路径的决策方法,最后运用MATLAB仿真软件验证了该方法的可行性.     

Polymer coating of copper oxide nanoparticles increases nanoparticles uptake and toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are frequently used in a polymer-coated form, to be included in paints or fabrics for antimicrobial properties. Their application in antifouling paints may lead to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. However, the toxicological risk of NPs in the environment is hard to evaluate due to a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of NP interaction with biological systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymer coating on CuO NP toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by comparing bare and polymer-coated CuO NPs prepared from the same CuO nanopowder. Both CuO NP suspensions were toxic to C. reinhardtii after 6 h treatment to concentrations of 0.005-0.04 g L⁻¹. Bare and polymer-coated CuO NPs induced a decrease of Photosystem II activity and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Polymer-coated CuO NP was found to be more toxic than the uncoated CuO NP. The higher toxicity of CS-CuO NP was mainly associated with the increased capacity of polymer-coated CuO NP to penetrate the cell compared to bare CuO NPs. These results indicates that the high toxicity of polymer-coated CuO NPs in algal cells results of intracellular interactions between NPs and the cellular system.     

春季典型天气太原市大气环境监测时段性研究

为了从一些具有代表性的监测时段数据中快速而直观地反映太原市大气环境状况,运用特征分析法对太原市中心城区7个监测点的16个时间点位的样本数据联系性进行了分析。借助MATLAB软件对其进行可视化,得到各监测点的时间点优化分组。通过对7个优化分组综合比选,提出了能整体反映春季典型天气条件下太原市大气环境状况的优化时段点位,分别为7:00、12:00、14:00、15:00、18:00、19:00和22:00。将5 d相同或相似天气状况的优化时段点位进行对比,得到的结果一致,体现了代表性。太原市总体优化时段点位数据由反映各区域状况的各监测点优化时段点数据平均值或乘以相应的权重得出。     

分光光度法与容量法测定COD_(Cr)值的对比实验

本文将CODCr测定的重铬酸钾褪色法运用于本监测中心的日常样品测定中,并且与《GB11914—89水质化学需氧量》方法进行了同时测定,结果相同,另外还推算出了消除硫酸铬干扰产生的曲线校值系数,应用此系数的倒数乘褪色方程的斜率得出新方程,将双波长测定改为单波长测定,两种方程计算结果一致。     

The detection of dioxin- and estrogen-like pollutants in marine and freshwater fishes cultivated in Pearl River Delta, China

In this study we aimed to assess the dioxin- and estrogen-like activities of contaminants extracted from twenty species of freshwater and seawater fishes, using luciferase reporter assays. Transfected MCF7 cells were treated with sample extracts and luciferase activities were then measured at 24-h of post-treatment. The mean values of the detected dioxin- and estrogen-like activities in the freshwater fishes were 25.3 pg TEQ/g ww and 102.3 pM EEQ/g ww whereas in the seawater fishes, the values were 46.2 pg TEQ/g ww and 118.8 pM EEQ/g ww. Using sample-relevant dosage of estrogen, inductions of cell proliferation markers (i.e. retinoblastoma, cyclin D) and stimulations of cell growth were revealed by Western blotting, colony formation and BrdU uptake assays. A cotreatment with TCDD significantly reduced these effects. Using the sample extracts with different dioxin- and estrogen-like activities, similar observation was revealed. The data highlighted the mixture effect of food contaminants on human health.     

Simultaneous biodegradation of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds in a sequencing batch bioreactor

Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NACs), such as nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), aniline (AN), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), are environmentally hazardous, and their removal from contaminated water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, and AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Analyses of the SBR system indicated that it simultaneously removed more than 99% of the NACs at loading rates of 0.36 kg NB/(m3·d), 0.3 kg 4-NP/(m3·d), 0.25 kg AN/(m3·d), and 0.1 kg 2,4-DNP/(m3·d). Bacterial groups of Bacteriodetes, Candidate division TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria were dominant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the microbial communities in the SBR system. "Cycle tests" designed to alter feeding and aeration parameters of the SBR system demonstrated that the resident microbial biome of the SBR system responded rapidly to changing conditions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenase activities suggested that (1) AN and NB were degraded via catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; (2) 4-NP was degraded via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-dioxygenase; and (3) 2,4-DNP was degraded via an unresolved pathway.     

热变形参数对LD7铝合金显微组织的影响

在Gleeble 15 0 0热模拟试验机上对LD7铝合金试样在变形程度为 6 0 %、变形温度为36 0～ 4 80℃、变形速率为 0 .0 1～ 1s-1的条件下进行等温压缩试验 ,然后对其进行固溶处理。分析热变形参数对合金固溶后显微组织的影响 ,可以得到如下结论 :LD7铝合金的晶粒尺寸随温度的升高而增大 ,随变形程度的增大而减小 ,随变形速率的增大而减小