气液混合脉冲放电体系中偶氮染料的脱色效果

为了深入探究水包气式气液混合脉冲放电体系中各参数对有机物降解效果的影响,建立了多针一板电极形式的气液混合脉冲放电等离子体体系,以典型的偶氮染料——酸性橙Ⅱ（A07）为目标物,考察该体系中影响染料脱色效果的关键因素。研究结果表明,气液混合脉冲放电体系中与脉冲电源输入功率有关的因素（脉冲电压峰值和脉冲频率）对A07脱色效果影响明显。随着脉冲电压峰值和脉冲频率的增加,A07溶液的脱色效率和相应的准一级降解动力学常数增加。在较高的脉冲电压峰值（30kV）和脉冲频率（75Hz）条件下,10mg／LA07溶液的脱色效率和准一级降解动力学常数分别达到r92．7％和3．50×10～／min。同时,研究证明酸性溶液条件较利于染料脱色。     

长江口水体中重金属形态交换过程的研究

研究了重金属在水体中溶解态和颗粒态的含量分布,并以一个代表性水平剖面和垂直剖面分析了金属形态交换过程。其动态交换是,重金属由颗粒态沿水平方向交换时向溶解态转化,形态转化强度为Ｎｉ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｃｏ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｐｂ;重金属的垂向交换过程,都是被铁锰（水合）氧化物及有机质吸附,向金属铁锰氧化物态转化,形态转化强度为Ｐｂ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｎｉ〉Ｃｏ,最后得出长江口海域金属污染程度及环境现状。     

环境雌激素的生物检测与应用

环境雌激素问题已成为环境领域的研究热点。因此,建立简单快速有效的检测方法显得尤其重要。目前对污染物雌激素效应的测评主要依赖于生物学方法,文章主要介绍了子宫生长实验、肝细胞卵黄蛋白原生成实验、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)增值实验、重组基因酵母实验、酵母双杂交实验五种主要的环境雌激素生物检测方法及其在国内外环境激素测评中的应用现状。     

超声波协同活性碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用超声波(US)和活性碳纤维(ACF)协同活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).在US/ACF/PMS体系中,当ACF投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1),n(PMS)/n(AO7)为20/1,US功率密度为10 W·cm~(-2)时,反应30 min后,AO7完全降解.其中,初始pH对AO7降解有较大的影响,pH为2.0时AO7降解效果最好;Cl~-对US/ACF/PMS体系降解AO7有促进作用,Cl-浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快;且ACF在重复使用4次时,协同US活化PMS对AO7仍具有较好的脱色率.通过总有机碳分析发现,US/ACF/PMS体系对染料AO7具有一定的矿化率.采用紫外可见光谱、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了分析,表明AO7分子中偶氮键及萘环结构均被破坏,并进一步矿化为CO_2和H_2O.     

数字散斑技术在煤矿相似模拟实验中的应用*

为将具有高精度、非接触性和全场观测等优点的数字散斑技术应用到煤矿相似模拟实验中,完成裂隙发育、应力变形和上覆岩层位移分析,介绍数字散斑的基本原理、相关系数和搜索方式等关键性环节,并利用MATLAB建立实用性强的数字散斑软件系统、硬件测量系统和像素位移转化系统,并进行图像二值化处理。结果表明:在利用数字散斑分析方法对煤层开挖过程中的覆岩下沉量进行定量分析时,不仅方便快捷,而且误差较小,证明数字散斑在相似模拟实验中具有较高的可靠度。这将在一定程度上促进数字散斑技术在煤矿领域的实际应用。     

Assessment of pollution along the Northern Iberian shelf by the combined use of chemical and biochemical markers in two representative fish species

Muscle concentrations of organochlorinated compounds as well as biliary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APEs) were determined in two different fish species, the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) and the pouting (Trisopterus luscus) collected along the Northern Iberian coast. Additionally, a set of biochemical markers namely, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and catalase (CAT) were measured in liver subcellular fractions. Chemical analysis indicated geographical differences in pollutant loads that were further reinforced by biomarker responses. Thus, EROD activity showed a good correlation with the amount of PCBs bioaccumulated in muscle tissue of both fish species. Elevated UGT activity was observed in those individuals highly exposed to APEs and 1-naphthol. The study reinforces the need to select representative sentinel species from different habitats for biomonitoring purposes and provides further support for the use of biomarkers in assessing the health of coastal areas.     

The ratio of clay content to total organic carbon content is a useful parameter to predict adsorption of the herbicide butachlor in soils

Thirteen soils collected from 11 provinces in eastern China were used to investigate the butachlor adsorption. The results indicated that the total organic carbon (TOC) content, clay content, amorphous Fe2O3 content, silt content, CEC, and pH had a combined effect on the butachlor sorption on soil. Combination of the data obtained from the 13 soils in the present study with other 23 soil samples reported by other researchers in the literature showed that Koc would be a poor predictive parameter for butachlor adsorption on soils with TOC content higher than 4.0% and lower than 0.2%. The soils with the ratio of clay content to TOC content (RCO) values less than 60 adsorbed butachlor mainly by the partition into soil organic matter matrix. The soils with RCO values higher than 60 apparently adsorbed butachlor by the combination of the partition into soil organic matter matrix and adsorption on clay surface.     

基于MATLAB的河流水质仿真研究--以漆水河为例

应用水质模型对河流污染控制进行研究 ,非常经济、方便、有效 ,而水质仿真更便于进行水污染治理的科学决策。Simulink工具箱是MATLAB为系统仿真研究的用户提供的一个操作简便、功能强大的可视化仿真平台。近年来 ,它已经成为系统建模和仿真方面应用最广泛的软件之一。文章构建了基于MATLAB的一维稳态水质模型 ,对不同情况、治理方案下的漆水河水质变化进行了仿真研究 ,为漆水河水污染控制提供了科学依据     

基于MATLABR的水质模型参数的确定方法

基于MATLAB可靠的数值计算、强大的绘图功能和简单易学的语言体系,利用MATLAB对河流水质模型的参数进行最优化估值,同时确定模型中的各个参数.指出MATLAB在运用最优化方法于水质模型多参数求解中的作用.提出了以C语言为基础的算法思想.     

稀有■鲫、大鳞泥鳅——新的七天亚慢性毒性试验材料

讨论了稀有鲫和大鳞泥鳅作为七天亚慢性毒性试验材料的可行性?依据生长和现存量作为观察指标,测定了铬?铜?锌?镉和五氯酚对稀有鲫的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)和最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC),铬和五氯酚对大鳞泥鳅的NOEC和LOEC?铬?铜?锌?镉和五氯酚对稀有鲫的NOEC分别是2500,10,200,20,80μg/L,LOEC分别是5000,20,400,40,160μg/L?铬和五氯酚对大鳞泥鳅的NOEC是2500和80μg/L,LOEC是5000和160μg/L?试验结果表明,稀有鲫和大鳞泥鳅是七天亚慢性试验的好材料?