The “second dividend” and the demographic structure

The demographic structure of a country influences economic activity. The “second dividend” modifies growth. Accordingly, in general equilibrium, the second dividend and the demographic structure are interrelated. This paper aims at assessing empirically the “second dividend” in a dynamic, empirical and intertemporal setting that allows for measuring its impact on growth, its intergenerational redistributive effects, and its interaction with the demographic structure. The paper uses a general equilibrium model with overlapping generations, an energy module and a public finance module that distinguishes between non-ageing-related public spending and a pension regime. Policy scenarios compare the consequences of different scenarios of recycling a carbon tax through lower proportional income taxes rather than higher public lump-sum expenditures. They are computed for two countries with different demographics (France and Germany). Results suggest that the magnitude of the “second dividend” is significantly related with the demographic structure. The more concentrated the demographic structure on cohorts with higher income and saving rate, the stronger the effect on capital supply of the second dividend. The second dividend weighs on the welfare of relatively aged working cohorts. It fosters the wellbeing of young working cohorts and of future generations. The more concentrated the demographic structure on aged working cohorts, the higher the intergenerational redistributive effects of the second dividend.     

Multi-component synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel imidazo[4,5-f] indol-7-yl)indolin-2-ones

A three-component one-pot protocol has been investigated for the synthesis of imidazo[4,5-f]indol-7-yl)indolin-2-ones from the commercially available materials. Structures of these compounds were established on the basis of IR, ¹H NMR, and mass spectral data. The title compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Two compounds exhibited the potent antimicrobial activity.     

Social capital and food security in post-conflict rural Lira District,northern Uganda

While a strong relationship has been established between social capital and food security in the research literature, it is uncertain whether this holds in post-conflict situations. This study examines associations between social capital and food security in post-conflict Lira District, northern Uganda. Since factors affecting food security are complex, we explored the roles of households' characteristics in food security outcomes. Data were collected from March to July 2011 through face-to-face interviews with 221 heads of household in rural Lira. Using multinomial logistic regression, a strong positive association was identified between social capital and household food security. The study also found significant associations of food security with sex, education of household head, amount of cultivated land, and farm and home possessions. The results of this analysis can aid the design of food security programmes that empower poor people while targeting the most vulnerable groups, thereby promoting sustainable development in post-conflict communities.     

蛋白质组学技术在环境内分泌干扰物分析上应用

为了探讨蛋白质组学技术在环境雌激素分析上的应用,用浓度为3.7×10-9mol/L的17β-雌二醇(E2)处理MCF-7细胞2或3天后进行双向电泳,对比不同的蛋白质提取、染色方法,利用光密度扫描仪将电泳图像数字化,并使用PDQuest软件进行图像分析,以观察雌激素诱导下的蛋白质表达图谱。结果表明,在蛋白质的提取上,冻融法比超声裂解法更有效;在蛋白质染色上,银染法比考马斯亮蓝染色法能得到更多可显示的蛋白质斑点。用E2处理72h后的MCF-7细胞,可检测到40个下调蛋白和5个上调蛋白。该蛋白质表达模式的改变提示了环境雌激素诱导下的特异性蛋白质表达图谱变化。本研究为分析雌激素类内分泌干扰物的内在作用机制提供了一种新的可行方法,也为建立其高通量筛选方法提供了新的思路。     

DEHP、DBP内分泌干扰活性的实验研究

利用MCF-7细胞增殖实验、细胞周期分析、细胞雌激素受体水平测定和断乳大鼠子宫增重实验探讨了邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)内分泌干扰活性及其可能的作用机制.结果表明,DEHP和DBP可诱导MCF-7细胞增殖、细胞内雌激素受体水平增高,对细胞周期无明显影响,DEHP不引起断乳大鼠子宫增重.推断DEHP和DBP可能并不是通过模拟雌激素而是引起体内天然激素受体水平改变等其他机制影响机体内分泌系统.     

活性污泥缺氧转化1-2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3-6-萘二磺酸简

1-2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3-6-萘二磺酸（TAHNDS）作为偶氮染料的脱色产物很难被常规的厌氧-好氧染料废水处理工艺所去除。研究了未经驯化的活性污泥对TAHNDS的缺氧转化效果。结果表明,只有在特定的缺氧条件下（ORP在-50~-150 mV之间）,TAHNDS才能被活性污泥所降解转化。当浓度在10~80 mg/L范围内,TAHNDS可在72 h内转化93%以上。加入100 mg/L的硝酸盐和0.64 mmol/L的氧化还原介体蒽醌-2-磺酸钠（AQS）可将40 mg/L的TAHNDS的转化时间从84 h缩短到36 h。光谱及HPLC-MS分析表明,TAHNDS在缺氧条件下主要是通过脱氨基和脱磺酸作用生成已知可好氧生物降解的3,5-二氨基-4-羟基萘-2-磺酸。因此,缺氧处理有望作为预处理工艺促进废水中TAHNDS的完全降解。     

2011年春季日本福岛核泄漏污染输送:贵阳131I和137Cs观测示踪分析

2011年3月11日,日本本州9.0级地震引发了福岛核电站核泄漏,以及由此引起的131I和137Cs在全球大气环流传输已引起了重视.理论上也对这种输送路径进行了研究.本文报道2011年3月17日—4月28日在贵阳观风山对气溶胶中天然核素(210Pb、7Be)和人为核素(131I、137Cs)近地面空气浓度逐周采样的系统对比观测,并结合该时段贵阳离地面500m高度逐周315h的气团后向轨迹分析.结果表明:福岛核泄漏污染物通过两条显著的途径输送到贵阳地区.第一条是首波核污染通过全球大气环流传输,由西向东,几乎环绕地球一周,历经约10d至两周,最终在3月24日—31日从我国的西北地区入侵抵至贵阳;第二条途径则是福岛地区上空的核污染气团受东北天气系统的挤压南移并在低纬度地区再次先后受到东北和东南气流的影响,于4月7日—14日抵达贵阳.核污染的第一条输送路径是全球尺度,第二条是东亚区域尺度.     

水热条件下绿矾稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰的研究

研究了饱和温度为200 ℃的水热条件下绿矾对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定效果,并与常温常压下的稳定效果进行了对比.研究结果表明,高温水热条件有利于Pb特别是Cr(Ⅵ)的稳定,对Cd的稳定无明显影响,同时绿矾的用量大为降低,降低了药剂的成本.     

丙酮活化过一硫酸盐性能及非自由基机制

利用丙酮活化过一硫酸盐(Peroxymonosulfate,PMS)氧化降解酸性橙7(AO7),考察了丙酮投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH值及共存阴离子等反应条件对AO7氧化降解的影响,探讨了丙酮/PMS反应体系中的反应机制.结果表明,当初始p H为9.0、n(PMS)/n(AO7)为17.5∶1、丙酮投加量为10 mmol·L-1时,反应30 min可使AO7的降解率达到99.8%.在丙酮/PMS的活化体系中,随着丙酮投加量、PMS浓度和p H的升高,AO7的降解率也逐渐增大,碱性条件下最有利于AO7的降解.自由基淬灭实验分析表明,单线态氧(1O2)是氧化降解AO7的主要活性物种.Cl-、CO2-3对丙酮/PMS体系中AO7的降解有促进作用,离子浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快,腐殖酸(HA)的加入对AO7的降解有轻微的抑制作用.紫外可见光谱分析表明,AO7分子中的偶氮键及萘环结构被破坏,从而得到降解.     

2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)污染沉积物对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏的SOD、CAT和EROD活性的影响

以实验室培养的铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeroginosa)为受试生物,研究了2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)污染沉积物对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和7-乙氧基-3-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)活性的影响,以揭示BDE-47与这些酶活性之间的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系.结果表明,不同水平BDE-47污染沉积物暴露后,铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏SOD和CAT活性表现出较为明显的剂量或时间依赖性效应,BDE-47可引起铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏的氧化应激,高剂量(≥160ng.g-1)BDE-47的长时间暴露可导致SOD和CAT活性显著下降,提示细胞出现氧化损伤.SOD对BDE-47胁迫的敏感性高于CAT.铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏中SOD和CAT可以作为指示低水平BDE-47污染沉积物胁迫的生物标志物.BDE-47不能诱导铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏EROD活性,但高剂量(≥160ng.g-1)或长时间BDE-47暴露则导致EROD活性显著降低.