Fe2+和零价铁活化过一硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

采用环境友好的Fe~(2+)和零价铁(ZVI)作活化剂,活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)来降解水中酸性橙7(AO7).结果表明,在Fe~(2+)-PMS体系中,AO7的降解效果不佳,但通过添加适量的络合剂,AO7的去除率会大幅提高.ZVI在PMS存在下被腐蚀,并能够缓慢、持续不断地释放Fe~(2+).ZVI-PMS体系可以在比较宽泛的pH范围(3～9)有效、快速地降解AO7,并且在酸性条件下降解速率较快.淬灭实验结果显示,硫酸根自由基(SO_4~(·-))对AO7的降解起主要作用.除了Cl~-和高浓度(50 mmol·L~(-1))的NO_3~-能够促进AO7的降解外,其他水中共存的阴离子对AO7在ZVI-PMS体系中的降解具有抑制作用,而腐殖酸(HA)则无明显影响.AO7在超纯水中的去除率高于其他实际水体,但反应90 min后,污水厂出水过滤水和胶体浓缩液中的AO7去除率也可高达98.6%和87.6%,说明ZVI-PMS可能可以有效地去除含有较高DOC含量的污水中的AO7.利用GC-MS检测到辐照后溶液中有3种中间产物,推测主要是通过AO7偶氮键断键后的中间产物进一步氧化形成.此外,TOC在一定程度上降低,说明部分AO7被矿化.     

Co(Ⅱ)活化过氧乙酸降解有机染料研究

采用Co(Ⅱ)活化过氧乙酸(PAA)降解有机染料,主要评估了Co(Ⅱ)/PAA体系的氧化性能并考察不同因素对酸性橙(AO7)脱色的影响.结果表明:Co(Ⅱ)/PAA体系能有效脱色有机染料,其氧化能力与Co(Ⅱ)/PMS体系相当并优于Fenton体系. AO7的脱色效果随PAA和Co(Ⅱ)浓度的升高而升高,其中,[Co(Ⅱ)]_0为0.01 mmol·L~(-1)、[PAA]_0/[AO7]_0为4/1时,反应60 min可使92%的AO7脱色.弱酸或中性的环境有利于AO7的脱色,存在Cl-和HA时不利于AO7的脱色.采用抑制剂抗坏血酸、叔丁醇、甲醇等实验方法,推测Co(Ⅱ)/PAA体系中产生的CH_3COO·和CH_3COOO·是对AO7起主要降解作用的自由基.紫外可见光谱分析表明,该自由基主要攻击AO7分子中的偶氮键及萘环结构,从而达到AO7脱色效果.     

基于MATLAB和有限元的虚拟振动试验系统

通过MATLAB平台建立了虚拟振动设备包括振动台和控制器,采用有限元软件建立振动台动圈、夹具、试件一体化模型作为被控对象,与虚拟振动设备形成闭环的虚拟振动试验系统,可开展仿真试验,成为振动试验辅助设计平台。     

7A52铝合金干湿交替情况下电偶腐蚀行为研究

目的研究海洋环境下7A52铝合金在干湿周浸使用过程中的电偶腐蚀现象。方法实验配制3.5%的Na Cl水溶液浸泡试样,实验周期为504 h,全浸试样作为对比试样,在实验周期内一直浸泡在Na Cl水溶液中。测试试样干湿周浸情况下7A52与5A06,38Cr Si之间的电偶电流及电偶电压,使用SEM分析腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果 7A52-5A06干湿周浸试样电偶电流变化不大,全浸试样电偶电流较初期变化较大,后期电偶电流的大小只有初期电偶电流大小的1/8左右,7A52-38Cr Si全浸试样与干湿交替情况下电偶电流基本相同。随着试验的进行,干湿交替及全浸情况下电偶电流的差异逐渐变大,电偶电流增大约为实验初期的10倍;全浸情况下试样表面腐蚀产物较致密,干湿周浸情况下腐蚀产物较为疏松。结论在3.5%的Na Cl水溶液干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si的平均电偶腐蚀速度要大于全浸状态下的平均电偶腐蚀速度,干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si腐蚀后试样表面形态具有较大差异,5A06在相同实验条件下的耐腐蚀性要好于7A52。     

7-ACA清洁生产的潜力研究

7-ACA是头孢菌素关键性中间体。近年来,头袍菌素类抗生素使用越来越多,临床应用证明它是一类抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强,疗效高和毒性低的抗生素。然而,中国在7-ACA生产过程中普遍面临着污染重、废弃物成分复杂、治理难度大的发展"瓶颈"。本文从清洁生产源头消减的角度,分析了7-ACA清洁生产的潜力与机会,并在国内7-ACA生产现状下,提出了化学法清洁生产方案的建议。     

青海玉树7.1级地震震害特点分析及启示

根据2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震震害现场调查资料,对其震害特点进行了全面的分析总结,阐述了震区环境及其地质构造背景,对断层效应及场地效应等也进行了分析,并归纳总结了防震减灾的经验与启示。     

重大自然灾害后遗体处置应急预案研究

重大自然灾害发生后一般都会伴随着大量人员的遇难,及时妥善处置灾后众多遇难者遗体,是许多国家面临的棘手问题。借鉴我国唐山7.8级地震和汶川8.0级地震中遗体应急处置的经验与教训,从遗体的搜集、存放、运输、消毒、防腐、保存、火化、掩埋等方面,探索遗体处理应急预案的程序与内容,从而提高政府应对重大自然灾害后大量遗体的应急处置能力,全面保障灾区群众的身心健康。     

Classification of residential areas according to physical vulnerability to natural hazards: a case study of Çanakkale,Turkey

The selection of new settlement areas and the construction of safe buildings, as well as rendering built‐up areas safe, are of great importance in mitigating the damage caused by natural disasters. Most cities in Turkey are unprepared for natural hazards. In this paper, Çanakkale, located in a first‐degree seismic zone and sprawled around the Sartçay Delta, is examined in terms of its physical vulnerability to natural hazards. Residential areas are analysed using GIS (geographic information system) and remote‐sensing technologies in relation to selected indicators. Residential areas of the city are divided into zones according to an evaluation of geological characteristics, the built‐up area's features, and urban infrastructure, and four risk zones are determined. The results of the analysis show that the areas of the city suitable for housing are very limited. In addition, the historical centre and the housing areas near Sartçay stream are shown to be most problematic in terms of natural disasters and sustainability.     

Lead-210 and Beryllium-7 in the Aerosol Particles Around Taiwan Off-Shore Areas

Abstract

Distributions of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in the aerosol particles of different size fractions were measured around Taiwan offshore areas from October, 1994 to October, 1995. the size distribution and abundance of the aerosol particles showed both spatial and temporal variations. the particle concentrations off northwestern Taiwan were more than twice as those off northeastern Taiwan both in November and March, and the values were much higher in November than in March for both areas. the measured particle concentrations, except for one sample with an unusually high value, ranged from 10 to 83 μOgm ^?3 in the study areas. the ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in the aerosol particles filtered from the air mass varied between 20 × 10^?3 and 72 × 10^?3 dpm m^?3 (1dpm = 0.45 pCi). the ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in the area off southwestern Taiwan appeared somewhat higher than in other areas and were probably contributed by the land air from Taiwan which contains higher ²¹⁰Pb in winter. the ²¹⁰Pb concentrations off northern Taiwan were low in November when the aerosol concentrations were high, but they were high in March when the aerosol concentrations were low.

Based on the ⁷Be monitoring records of 20 years on the aerosol particles of the island by the Taiwan Radiation Monitoring Center, the mean settling rate averaged 0.91, 0.79 and 0.68 cm s^?1, respectively, in northern, central and southern Taiwan. with these values and the ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in the aerosols, the ²¹⁰Pb flux was determined to be between 0.58 and 2.30 dpm cm^?2y^?1, with an average of 1.19 dpm cm^?2y^?1. Excluding the highest value due to its extremely high ²¹⁰Pb and aerosol concentrations, the average is reduced to 1.05 dpm cm^?2y^?1. the activity median diameters (AMD) for ²¹⁰Pb in the study areas were between 0.69 and < 0.49 μM with a mean of 0.5 öm based on ²¹⁰Pb distributions in different particle size fractions. Thus, ²¹⁰Pb was preferentially adsorbed on to the submicron particles. ⁷Be in the study areas showed a good correlation with ²¹⁰Pb in total activity although the two nucides had different sources.     

阴极材料对三相三维电极反应器电解处理酸性橙7的影响研究

采用具有不同阴极材料的三相三维电极反应器,对300 mg/L酸性橙7(AO7)模拟废水进行处理研究,重点考察阴极材料对脱色率和反应体系矿化能力的影响,同时利用HPLC、UV-Vis、GC-MS等分析方法对·OH、H2O2以及降解产物进行测定,探讨了3种电极对AO7的降解行为.结果表明,在电压20 V条件下电解60 min后,活性炭纤维(ACF)、石墨和不锈钢等3种阴极体系对于AO7的脱色率均高于96%,三者之间没有明显差别.但是ACF体系对TOC的去除率可达到57.4%,高于其它两者.3种阴极体系中均有高活性的·OH和H2O2生成,但是ACF阴极体系中产生的浓度较高,从而决定了其具有较高的矿化能力.几种不同电极体系电解AO7过程中都遵循了相同的产生酮类和萘酚类物质的过程.