贵州清水江流域丰水期水化学特征及离子来源分析

对清水江流域丰水期河水离子浓度及组成特征分析表明,流域水化学组成以Ca2+、HCO-3离子为主,其次为Mg2+、SO2-4;TDS均值213.96 mg·L-1,高于世界流域均值.根据海盐校正分析得出,研究区大气降水中海盐输入对流域水化学的贡献率为2.23%,低于世界河流均值3%.Gibbs图结合离子比值分析表明,流域水化学主要受碳酸盐岩风化影响,越往下游硅酸盐岩化学风化贡献越明显,碳酸和硫酸同时参与了流域岩石风化过程.离子来源分析表明,Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3离子主要来自于白云石、方解石等碳酸盐岩风化溶解,Na+、K+、Cl-主要来源于硅酸盐岩风化;SO2-4和NO-3主要来源于大气酸沉降和城镇废水输入.人为活动影响分析表明上游工矿企业活动对清水江流域水化学影响明显.     

土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系实证研究

在前人研究的基础上,针对目前土地利用规划环评指标间存在的信息重叠问题,以安徽省当涂县为例,运用SPSS软件基于相关性分析探讨了土地利用规划环评指标体系的建立,并在此基础上运用综合指数对当涂县土地利用规划方案进行评价。结果表明:(1)基于常用的指标体系建立思路(环境影响识别-确定指标体系构建原则-建立指标),增加原始指标定量筛选环节,将能有效避免指标间信息重叠现象的产生,指标的独立性更高;(2)2005年当涂县土地利用规划环境影响评价综合指数为0.734 1,环境、资源、生态及社会经济分项指数分别为0.259 6、0.099 3、0.165 7、0.209 5。规划方案实施后,到2020年全县环境、资源、生态及社会经济分项指数分别为0.304 6、0.107 2、0.256 0、0.327 2,均有不同程度的提高,规划方案可行。     

Assessing Impact of Urbanization on River Water Quality In The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is one of the most developed regions in China. It has been undergoing a rapid urbanization since the reformation and opening of China in 1978. This process plays a significant impact on the urban environment, particularly river water quality. The main goal of this present study is to assess the impact of urban activities especially urbanization on river water quality for the study area. Some Landsat TM images from 2000 were used to map the areas for different pollution levels of urban river sections for the study area. In addition, an improved equalized synthetic pollution index method was utilized to assess the field analytical results. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the rapidity of urbanization and the pollution levels of urban river water. Compared to the rural river water, urban river water was polluted more seriously. During the urban development process, urbanization and urban activities had a significant negative impact on the river water quality.     

黄河三角洲风暴潮灾害及其对滨海湿地的影响

黄河三角洲是中国重要的滨海湿地分布区，也是中国风暴潮易发区。该区的风暴潮有温带气旋型与热带台风型两种，以温带风暴潮为主。近年来，重大风暴潮的发生有频率增加、危害加重的趋势。风暴潮对滨海湿地的影响是广泛而深远的，主要表现为淹没滨海低地、加速海岸蚀退、破坏地表结构、毁坏湿地植被、加剧海水入侵等，使滨海湿地不断损失退化，生态环境恶化。     

1994年江淮伏旱及其影响研究

利用江谁地区18个站点1951～1995年6～8月降水量资料,用Z指数建立了历年夏季旱涝序列,着重对1994年江淮伏旱及其对农业、水资源的影响进行了分析评述,获得了一些有意义的结论。     

O_3-BAC组合工艺深度净化MBR出水的中试研究

采用臭氧-生物活性炭（O3-BAC）组合工艺对某工业园区再生水厂MBR出水进行了深度净化的中试研究,主要考察了组合工艺各节点对常规指标的处理效果。结果表明,臭氧投加量约3 mg/L（H2O）、臭氧接触塔接触时间为30min、活性炭滤池空床接触时间（BECT）为15 min时,O3-BAC组合工艺能有效去除水中色度、浊度,平均色度和浊度分别从21度和7.8 NTU降至3度和2.0 NTU以下;组合工艺对UV254、高锰酸盐指数的平均去除率分别约为39%和35%;对NH4＋-N有一定的去除,去除率为58%～77%;组合工艺对粪大肠菌群去除效果显著,平均去除率在95%以上。O3-BAC组合工艺是一种有效工业园区再生水深度净化技术。     

新疆大型工业园总体规划环评指标体系的建立与验证

基于我国工业园指标体系研究现状,归纳、统一了2002—2021年学者提出的8类99个指标,在此基础上总结了规划环评指标体系建立面临的困难。以X工业园为研究案例,结合理论分析,确定其制约因素是水资源数量和环境空气质量,并将制约因素纳入指标集。针对干旱区和大型工业园两个特点,建立了新疆大型工业园总体规划环评指标体系,并对其中4项需要严格要求的特色指标进行了说明。     

Dust Storms are an Indication of an Unhealthy Environment in East Asia

Dust storms frequently occur in Mongolia and in northern China. Each year there are 30 to 120 dusty days in source regions of Mongolia and 14–20 dusty days on the Korean Peninsula. Intense sand storms and associated dust falls produce environmental impacts in East Asia. This paper discusses the environmental degradation in Mongolia and the social, economic and atmospheric impacts of dust storms in the sink area. The impact of dust storms on environmental compartments as well as their direct and indirect consequences to basic resources like water and energy demand and supply is explained. Governments are encouraged to take appropriate action in specified regions. For monitoring dust storms there is a need for international cooperation to combat growing environmental and human security concerns.     

Monitoring Australian Rangeland Sites Using Landscape Function Indicators and Ground- and Remote-Based Techniques

If the goal for managing rangelands is to achieve a balance between production and conservation, then monitoring is essential to detect change and apply corrective action. In some range-land areas of northern Australia, monitoring has detected a tilt in the production-conservation balance towards excessive production. How big is this imbalance? Can it shift back? Robust monitoring is needed to answer these questions. The aim is to know what to monitor, and where. For example, to detect changes caused by livestock on rangeland forage production and soil erosion, indicators linking grazing disturbances to landscape function are needed, that is, indicators that signal how well landscapes are capturing, concentrating, and utilizing scarce water, nutrient, and organic resources. Studies in Australia and the USA document that simple vegetation and soil patch attributes can be measured as indicators of the 'state of health' of landscape function. For example, field and remote sensing-based grazing studies in Australia document that landscapes with a high cover of perennial plant patches function effectively to capture runoff water and nutrients in sediments, whereas landscapes with a low cover of these patches do not — they are dysfunctional — as indicated by large patches of bare soil. Aerial videography is proving to be a robust technique for measuring indicators of landscape function such as small patches of vegetation and the extent of bare soil. These indicators typically have a sigmoidal response to grazing impacts. We illustrate that if these indicators are measured on monitoring sites established near the sigmoidal 'point of inflection’ then small changes in these indicators can be detected.     

陕北焦炭行业中焦炉煤气发电的环境影响研究

介绍了陕北焦炭行业现状,运用环境影响评价的方法研究了陕北焦炭行业中焦炉煤气发电的环境影响,研究表明焦炉煤气发电工程具有较好的环境效益,它可以在全国焦炭行业尤其是小焦化集中区起到示范作用。