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961.
实现可持续发展已经成为了重要的全球性目标,这反映了公众以及决策者对环境问题日益增长的关注。虽然可持续发展指标为决策提供了坚实的基础,但许多国家特别是发展中国家并没有向可持续发展迈进。本文考查了在发展中国家测量可持续发展指标面临的挑战,这些指标在决策中的有效性和指标对决策过程的影响。特别地,本文将评估这些指标是否被整合到了决策进程中而且是否促进了可持续发展。环境数据的约束,缺乏相关机构的协调,发展中国家资源的缺乏都阻碍了可持续发展指标的测量。水、卫生条件的案例表明在政策和决策过程中整合可持续发展指标的无效性。既要有可持续发展的核心指标集以整合决策者关注环境问题,也要辅助以反映地方关注和文化多样性的地方性指标,这是至关重要的。报告应该包括对环境因素和健康产出相关的分析,也应该相应地转化为对经济的影响。 相似文献
962.
不同规模民用机场项目主要环境影响对比分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘海东 《中国ISO14000认证》2014,(6):31-35
按照在民航运输系统中所起的作用划分,我国民用机场可分为枢纽机场、干线机场和支线机场。由于建设规模、航空业务量不同,各类机场环境影响的范围、程度和特点也不尽相同。通过对国内机场建设项目环境影响的案例和相关研究成果进行总结,从声环境、环境空气、生态、水环境、固体废物等方面对比分析了不同规模机场的环境影响的特点,为机场选址、设计、规划等提供参考。 相似文献
963.
通过建设项目环境监理与环境影响评价及批复、“三同时”制度、环境监察之间的关系分析,阐述了建设项目环境监理在完善全过程环境管理中的作用.并通过环境监理与环境监察的定义,分析了两者之间的区别和联系.环境监理介入建设项目是提高环境影响评价有效性、落实“三同时”制度、实现建设项目全生命周期环境监管的重要手段,也是实现工程环境保护目标的重要保证.根据中国环境监理行业发展现状存在的问题,对中国环境监理今后的发展提出了相应的建议. 相似文献
964.
春节期间,烟花燃放产生的烟气含有重金属的微小粒子,对城市环境空气中污染物浓度的上升关联度较高。燃放期间空气中的颗粒物成分和重金属成分浓度急剧升高,对市民的身体健康影响很大,使医院中呼吸系统、心脑血管系统等急性病症的发生率也相应升高。为了减轻烟花燃放可能对环境和人体造成的不利影响,建议节日期间不燃放或适当、适量地燃放烟花爆竹,提高烟花爆竹产品的科技含量以及全社会共同监管烟花爆竹的生产、流通、分配、消费等活动。 相似文献
965.
966.
967.
Farm management indicators and farm typologies as a basis for assessments in a changing policy environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andersen E Elbersen B Godeschalk F Verhoog D 《Journal of environmental management》2007,82(3):353-362
This paper focuses on the assessment of farm management indicators and argues that typologies are a necessary tool for comprehensive environmental assessments. In the paper Andersen et al., [(2004a). Farming and the Environment in the European Community--using agricultural statistics to provide farm management indicators. Paper presented at OECD Expert meeting, March 2004, New Zealand. < http:webdomino1.oecd.org/comnet/agr/farmind.nsf/viewHtml/index/$FILE/Anderson_et_al.PDF> (1st of February 2006).] presented at the OECD expert meeting on farm management indicators in New Zealand in March 2004, a set of farm management indicators was presented in the framework of a typology of grazing livestock farming systems in the EU-15 (includes all Member States of the European Union before 2004). The present paper presents new results on farm management indicators within the framework of an extended typology for all farming sectors. It presents an environmentally oriented extension to the EU typology of farms currently used for assessing the situation of farming within the European Union. The extended typology is tested in relation to emerging policy issues such as environmental sustainability and rural viability by analysing some of the farm management indicators suggested in Andersen et al., [(2004a). Farming and the Environment in the European Community--using agricultural statistics to provide farm management indicators. Paper presented at OECD Expert meeting, March 2004, New Zealand. (1st of February 2006).]. Finally, recommendations in relation to the next generation EU farm typology are given. 相似文献
968.
The magnitude of the environmental and social consequences of soil erosion and land degradation in semiarid areas of the Mediterranean
region has long been recognized and studied. This paper investigates the interrelationship between land use/cover (LULC) changes
and land degradation using remotely sensed and ancillary data for southeastern Spain. The area of study, the Xaló River catchment
situated in the north of the Alicante Province, has been subjected to a number of LULC changes during the second half of the
20th century such as agricultural abandonment, forest fires, and tourist development. Aerial photographs dating back to 1956
were used for the delineation of historic LULC types; Landsat ETM+ data were used for the analysis and mapping of current
conditions. Two important indicators of land degradation, namely, susceptibility to surface runoff and soil erosion, were
estimated for the two dates using easily parametrizable models. The comparison of 1956 to 2000 conditions shows an overall
“recuperating” trend over the catchment and increased susceptibility to soil erosion only in 3% of the catchment area. The
results also identify potential degradation hot-spots where mitigation measures should be taken to prevent further degradation.
The readily implemented methodology, based on modest data requirements demonstrated by this study, is a useful tool for catchment
to regional scale land use change and land degradation studies and strategic planning for environmental management. 相似文献
969.
970.
Watson A Glaspell B Christensen N Lachapelle P Sahanatien V Gertsch F 《Environmental management》2007,40(6):880-888
Many public land management agencies are committed to understanding and protecting recreation visitor experiences. Parks Canada
is deeply committed to that objective for visitors to Canada’s National Parks. This 2004 study, informed by a 2003 qualitative
study of visitor experiences and influences on those experiences at Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut, worked to bring 50
potential elements of visitor experiences down to five articulated dimensions of the experience that is currently being received
at this remote eastern arctic park. A hypothesized set of 17 influences on experiences, also reduced to just two factors with
similar response patterns, and with some items that did not flow into the two factors, were used in a regression analysis
to understand the relationship between experiences and factors of influence. A sample of 61.8% (84) of the total recreation
visitor population 16 years of age or older was surveyed during deregistration after the trip. Knowledge about the dimensions
of the experiences currently received and factors of influence on those experiences can be used to guide selection of indicators
for describing objectives and prescribing monitoring protocol. 相似文献