Technique for assessing erosion risk from mountain footpaths

One of the most pressing problems facing wilderness managers in the ecologically fragile Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa, is that of path erosion, since it detracts from the wilderness experience and is very costly to remediate. As increasing demand for wilderness and outdoor recreation places greater pressure on paths and trails, it will be necessary to increase path network size and capacity, and it is important that new paths are routed such that maintenance requirements are minimal. This study describes the development of a technique based on the site and environmental variables of rainfall, topographic slope, and lithology, which enables assessment of path erosion risk before paths are planned and constructed. The technique was tested on a path at the Drakensberg resort of Loteni, and showed good correlation with actual path degradation. When used as a tool in path network planning, it can aid in the selection of low-maintenance routes and also help in planning maintenance budgets.     

重庆高新区可持续发展水平评价与对策研究

提出了建立重庆高新区可持续发展评价指标体系的6项基本原则，从经济高效、社会文明、环境舒适（ESE）3方面设计了包括3个高层指标、8个中层指标、45个单项指标的指标体系。采用特尔斐法、层次分析法和线性加权法，对评价指数进行了量化计算和整合，据此评价重庆高新区的可持续发展水平，并对照发展性质相似的苏州高新区、深圳高新区，指出重庆高新区在发展中存在的问题，并提出可持续发展的若干对策。     

生态城市动态指标体系的构建与分析

阐述了生态城市的内涵,并从城市的经济系统、社会系统、自然生态系统三个方面构建了生态城市的指标体系。 体系还体现了不同城市的地域特点,以及城市复合生态系统的动态平衡。最后以苏州市为例。分析了其生态化进程。     

上海市浦东开发区的淡水藻类生态调查

本文通过一年的淡水藻类生态调查,用多样性和重现性指数,计算了浦东开发区川扬河和浦东运河若干断面的藻类群落数据。结果表明,有两个断面重污染,一个轻污染,其余符合三级国标。Wilhm污染分级显示,在轻度污染水域,多样性指数与污染无明显相关性。     

区域环评中生态适宜度分析指标体系的探讨

建立了应用于上海市城镇区域开发建设环境影响评价的生态适宜度分析指标体系,并以上海市2个城镇作为评价对象进行实例验证分析,结果表明与实际情况基本相符。     

Monitoring of air pollution by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans of pine needles in Korea

The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.19–26.88 pg I-TEQ/g of dry weight) were measured at Busan, where is the city of the highest population density and traffic volume among five cities. The lowest concentration was detected at Jeju with 0.62 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, suggesting Jeju could be an environmental background area in Korea. The dominant homologues of PCDDs/DFs in pine needles were the lower chlorine-substituted compounds such as tetra CDDs and CDFs, and the distribution ratios of PCDDs/DFs decreased with increase of the number of chlorine substituents. Homologue profiles of pine needle samples were similar to PCDDs/DFs profiles of the vapor phase in the ambient air, and thus the pine needles absorbed the vapor phase of PCDDs/DFs from air. Results suggested that pine needles could be used as an indicator of the atmospheric contamination for PCDDs/DFs in Korea.     

Modulation of individual behavior and collective decision-making during aggregation site selection by the ant<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Messor barbarus</Emphasis>

Insect societies are often confronted with choices among several options such as food sources of different richness or potential nest sites with different qualities. The mechanisms by which a colony as a whole evaluates these situations and takes the appropriate decision are of crucial importance for its survival. Here we studied how collective decisions arise from individual behaviors when a group of workers of the ant Messor barbarus is given a choice between two aggregation sites. Two hundred ants were introduced into an arena and given a choice between two tubes connected to the arena. The tubes had different physical properties: dry and transparent (termed as dry), humid and transparent (termed as humid), or dry and dark (termed as dark). After 30 min, most ants were found to be aggregated in a humid tube when paired with a dry tube, or in a dark tube when paired with a humid one. When two humid tubes were in competition, ants aggregate more in one of the sites. The choice of ants was consistent throughout experiments. An analysis of individual behaviors shows that the probability of an ant recruiting and the intensity of its trail-laying behavior strongly depend on the quality of the tubes. Our study suggests that the selection of an aggregation site does not require that individual ants directly compare sites, but rather relies on the synergy between amplification processes involving recruitment by chemical trails, and a modulation of the individual resting time in a site as a function of its population.Communicated by L. Sundström     

中国可持续发展指标体系研究进展

分析了中国可持续发展指标体系的不同研究方法，基本框架，具体指标的构成和数量，不同层次的案例研究，及有关国际合作项目；提出了合作要 计算方法，指标合成有基础资料，统计口径等技术关键。     

战略环境评价的国际研究动向

战略环境评价是国际上近年来的研究热点,但就目前来看还没有对其形成统一的认识和理解。以近年来相关研究的文章和案例为基础,总结并阐述了国际上战略环境评价研究的3个明显的动向:以决策为目标的战略环境评价,以传统环境影响评价为基础的战略环境评价和与可持续发展战略结合的战略环境评价。     

建立上海可持续发展指标体系的研究

在可持续发展理论研究中，提出建立多目标的指标体系是实施可持续发展战略的重要环节，阐述了建立上海可持续发展指标体系的５项基本原则是系统性、层次性、主要性、可比性、操作性。据此设计了包括４个领域６０个指标组成的指标体系框架。阐明了从原计划指标体系滚动式过渡到可持续发展指标体系；从第１０个五年计划开始，３个五年计划分３步建立并完善指标体系与国际接轨和建立综合评价指数来表征可持续发展状况等实施可持续发展指