Value to wildlife of urban-agricultural parks: a case study from Rome urban area

Urban-agricultural parks could have some advantages to wildlife because of less intensive agricultural procedures, absence of hunting pressure, and reduced human disturbance. In this study, the breeding and wintering bird communities and the small mammal community in an urban-agricultural park of Rome were compared to those of a close urban park and a close agricultural area just outside the city. The aim was to assess the best destination and management of wildlife in natural areas at the urban–rural interface. Richness and diversity of bird communities were higher in the urban-agricultural park. Due to habitat features and probably human disturbances, but not to urbanization, predation, and competition factors, the urban park drastically reduces the abundance of decreasing open-land bird species. Abundance of these species was not significantly different in the urban-agricultural park and in the agricultural area. In the urban-agricultural and urban park, bird and mammal pest species were more abundant than they were in the agricultural area. Regarding decreasing abundance of small mammal species, no significant difference among the study areas was observed. Urban-agricultural park is a better choice than urban park for wildlife. Thus, a higher number of preserved urban natural areas should be devoted to urban-agricultural parks. However, to increase the abundance of open-land species and in general wildlife, a less intensive management of cultivated and pasture patches is necessary.     

再论灾害研究的理论与实践

本文在作者１９９１年发表的“研究的现状与实践”一文基础上，全面分析了当前国外灾害理论研究的进展，对灾害理论研究中的２灾因子论，孕灾环境论，承灾体论进行了评述，并系统地阐述了区域灾害系统论的主要内容，即在综合分析组成区域灾害系统的致灾因子，孕灾环境，承灾体的基础上，通过对致灾因子的风险性评估，孕灾环境稳定性的分析，承灾体易损性的评价，揭示区域致灾与成灾过程中灾 情纬傻亩ρЩ?     

黑臭水体治理思路与技术措施

我国城市水体黑臭现象普遍发生,目前各地正在开展黑臭水体的大规模治理。简要介绍了我国黑臭水体问题的严重性,阐述了当前国家对黑臭水体治理的政策和治理目标。对黑臭水体的概念进行了辨析,提出了我国黑臭水体的治理思路,明确了黑臭水体治理的技术路线,包括开展调查与问题诊断、核定污染物负荷并确定黑臭水体治理目标、提出适用技术与治理方案、预测治理效果。在此基础上提出了我国黑臭水体治理的主要技术措施,包括污染源治理、水力调控、生态修复,同时要加强综合管理。对国内外黑臭水体治理的进展与案例进行了综述,分析了其治理过程及存在的问题。最后从黑臭水体评价指标、技术体系、管理机制、宣传教育四方面提出黑臭水体治理的建议。     

Public sector perspectives and policy implications for the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site,St. Lucia

St. Lucia faces numerous challenges associated with striking a balance between its economic and conservation goals with respect to the Pitons Management Area (PMA) World Heritage Site. Among the various stakeholders, the public sector, which largely constitutes the administrative authorities representing the general public, plays an instrumental role in site management. They are primarily responsible for policy formulation as well as the provision of fiscal incentives and funds to assist in the maintenance of the site. Based on a qualitative inquiry approach, this study explored the perspectives of key persons among pertinent public and non-profit organizations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among local and national representatives from the public sector. Results revealed that the designation of the PMA as a World Heritage Site has presented both opportunities and challenges to the management of the site. Findings strongly indicate that the integrity and sustainability of the site is at stake due to a lack of commitment, coordination and political will in the public sector.     

水质氨氮在线监测仪对污染源低浓度样品测定的研究

水质氨氮在线监测仪广泛用于各类水体中氨氮的在线监测,随着我国水质氨氮减排工作的开展,污染源废水中氨氮浓度逐渐降低,目前市场上的水质氨氮在线监测仪是否适用于低浓度氨氮样品的在线监测成为广大环保工作者关心的问题。选取3种不同类型的水质氨氮在线监测仪分别进行低浓度标样和实际水样测试,并对结果进行了讨论。     

关于区域性有害废物集中处理的管理法规研究

对区域性有害废物集中处理场的建设及管理等问题,提出了一系列相关的注意事项及处理办法;并从法律的角度给予明确的规定     

GKS在国家水质管理信息系统中的应用

图形核心系统是开发图形应用软件的一组核心功能描述,它独立于设备和各种高级语言,自８０年代中期被ＩＳＯ正式批准为第一个计算机图形学国际标准以来,世界上各大计算机厂商纷纷推出ＧＫＳ不同级别的实现版本,广大用户也不断将自己的图形应用开发平台转向ＧＫＳ。本研究结合国家水质管理信息系统的需求,以ＧＫＳ为起点,完成了ＮＷＱＭＩＳ图形管理系统的设计与实施,有效地支持了其应用功能的实现。     

松花江流域面源污染特征与防治对策

在概述松花江流域水环境状况的基础上,分析了其面源污染的特征,农药流失、超量和不合理施用化肥、规模化养殖、生产、生活污水排放是流域面源污染的主要来源。结合面源污染特征等因素,有针对性地确定治理技术,如加强对面源污染防治工作重要性的认识、作好面源污染监测和防治技术示范推广工作、发展循环型农业等,提出了保护与治理可行的污染防治对策。     

环境统计工作中存在的问题及改进措施

环境统计是我国各级环保部门的重要职能之一,是环境管理的基础工作。目前基层环保部门的环境统计工作在运行机制、法制建设、人员设备、技术方法等方面都存在诸多问题。造成问题的主要原因,一是执法力度不够,二是能力建设不够。为了使逐级上报汇总的环境统计数据尽可能保证真实性和准确性,满足各级环保部门环境管理工作的需要,环境统计工作应逐步理顺运行机制、提高工作效率,加强法制建设、保证统计质量。在能力建设方面应加强资金投入和人员配备,完善技术方法和增加业务培训,使环境统计工作能够顺利开展并发挥应有的作用。