不同时间长度监测道路交通噪声比较

目前道路交通噪声的监测时间规定为20 min,监测工作量大。实验采用5 min测量与20 min测量进行比较,结果表明,2种时间测量的最终结果无明显差异。     

测量工频电磁场应注意的问题

根据高压输变电线路下工频电磁场测量工作的经验,提出应正确选择电磁辐射测量仪器,注重选择测量点位和高度,减少人为干扰和减小环境因素对测量的影响等,从而提高工频电磁场测量的准确性和可靠性.     

烟气气体常数的确定及与监测质量的关系

阐述了烟气气体常数的确定及与烟尘监测的关系。以各种煤的烟气组分和《锅炉烟尘测试方法》为依据，提出干、湿烟气气体常数代表值各为２７２．６和２７９、７Ｊ／ｋｇ．ｋ，并就代表值的适用性进行了讨论。指出将干烟气组分看作近于气所导致的误差，并对有关公式提出了修改意见。     

公交车实际道路颗粒物排放的数浓度特征

为获得城市公交实际道路颗粒物数量排放特性,利用车载排放测试系统(PEMS)在实际道路上对公交车颗粒物排放特征及粒径分布进行了研究. 结果表明:公交车车速低于30 km/h的工况占总工况的78.9%,其中车速小于10 km/h的工况所占比例最大,为33.7%;车速高于40 km/h的工况仅占总工况的2.1%. 利用低压荷电捕集器(ELPI)测试的粒径分布表明,公交车进、出站和稳定车速工况下排放的颗粒物数浓度峰值均出现在粒径为70 nm附近;粒径小于70 nm的颗粒物数浓度在3种不同工况下占颗粒物总数浓度的55.4%～69.7%;粒径大于770 nm的颗粒物非常少,其数浓度占颗粒物总数浓度的比例均小于0.1%.      

土壤中有机磷农药分析过程中不确定度的来源及评定

土壤中有机磷农药分析过程中的不确定度主要来源于样品采集、运输和保存、前处理及分析这四个环节。以土壤中马拉硫磷的测定为例,分别评定了各个环节产生不确定度的大小。结果表明,样品前处理产生的不确定度对总不确定度的贡献最大。     

物料衡算法计算燃煤SO_2排放总量的探讨

分析了现行燃煤ＳＯ_２排放总量计算方法的优缺点，提出了一种适合基层环保部门准确计征燃煤ＳＯ_２排污费使用的新方法。     

除尘器除尘效率测定误差理论的研究

全面地分析了除尘器的除尘效率测定误差产生原因，推导出在一定条件下除尘效率测定误差理论计算公式，经实例验证与理论符合。并得出在采样气体状态参数和环境条件一定时，除尘效率的测定误差主要取决于取样时间及流量。当取样时间在（１０～１５） ｍｉｎ 和流量（１０～１５）ｌ／ｍｉｎ时，除尘效率测定误差可控制在±６％ 左右     

Rate of pesticide volatilization from soil: an experimental approach with a wind tunnel system applied to trifluralin

Pesticide volatilization to the atmosphere may be a major pathway of dissipation closely linked with environmental, physico-chemical and technical factors. Understanding the volatilization process requires systems that make it possible to control some of these factors. Wind tunnels meet to these criteria. The volatilization flux is determined from a mass balance, using the difference in atmospheric pesticide concentration between the entrance and the exit of the tunnel and the airflow rate. An experiment was carried out in June 2000 to study the repeatability of this technique. Volatilization of trifluralin was measured in three wind tunnels for 8 days with a sampling period varying between 3 h and 2 days. Pesticide concentration was determined by trapping by XAD-2 resin in a two-stage cartridge, solvent extraction and analysis by gas chromatography. Cumulated losses through volatilization reached 30% of the measured application dose after 8 days, with a variability of less than 20% between the three tunnels. Approximately 20% remained in the topsoil (0–2 cm), with a variability of 14% between the three tunnels. The decrease in the volatilization flux over time is coherent with the expected theoretical evolution for a volatile pesticide such as trifluralin and with previous experimental works.     

矿山杂散电流的测定

对我国矿山杂散电流的研究成果进行了总结,阐述了矿山杂散电流的来源和特点,并根据杂散电的特性和杂散电引爆电雷管的原理,确定杂散电流为其测量参数,重点论述了杂散电流的测定原理。