Effects of duckweed (Spriodela polyrrhiza) remediation on the composition of dissolved organic matter in effluent of scale pig farms

The swine effluent studied was collected from scale pig farms, located in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province, China, and duckweed (Spriodela polyrrhiza) was selected to dispose the effluent. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of duckweed growth on the dissolved organic matter composition in swine effluent. Throughout the experiment period, the concentrations of organic matter were determined regularly, and the excitation–emission matrix (3DEEM) spectroscopy was used to characterize the fluorescence component. Compared with no-duckweed treatments (controls), the specific ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA₂₅₄) was increased by a final average of 34.4% as the phytoremediation using duckweed, and the removal rate of DOC was increased by a final average of 28.0%. In swine effluent, four fluorescence components were identified, including two protein-like (tryptophan, tyrosine) and two humic-like (fulvic acids, humic acids) components. For all treatments, the concentrations of protein-like components decreased by a final average of 69.0%. As the growth of duckweed, the concentrations of humic-like components were increased by a final average of 123.5% than controls. Significant and positive correlations were observed between SUVA₂₅₄ and humic-like components. Compared with the controls, the humification index (HIX) increased by a final average of 9.0% for duckweed treatments. Meanwhile, the duckweed growth leaded to a lower biological index (BIX) and a higher proportion of microbial-derived fulvic acids than controls. In conclusion, the duckweed remediation not only enhanced the removal rate of organic matter in swine effluent, but also increased the percent of humic substances.     

海军航空器用树脂基复合材料海洋环境老化行为的研究

为了全面地了解国内外关于海军航空器用树脂基复合材料的海洋环境老化行为研究现状,以期能为我国的国防事业作出一定的贡献,在充分分析海洋环境的基础上,根据海军航空器中树脂基复合材料的具体使用情况,对相关研究文献及报告进行了大量的分析,总结了国内外树脂基复合材料在海洋环境中老化行为及寿命预测的研究进展。现阶段的研究主要集中在人工加速老化方面,对自然环境老化以及两种老化试验之间当量换算关系的研究还有待完善。同时,根据实际发展需要,对如何进一步开展树脂基复合材料在海洋环境中的老化研究提出了一些建议。     

高温下复合材料螺栓接头强度的试验研究

目的研究高温环境对树脂基复合材料螺栓连接接头的强度和破坏模式的影响规律。方法以T300/BMP316复合材料为研究对象,在室温~310℃范围内对不同宽孔比的螺栓连接接头开展拉伸试验研究。结果获得了不同宽孔比、不同温度环境下树脂基复合材料螺栓连接接头强度和破坏模式的变化规律。结论不同宽孔比螺栓接头试件的载荷-位移曲线既具有共性特征,又具有明显的差异。宽孔比对复合材料螺栓接头的拉伸强度和破坏模式均具有明显的影响,在相同温度下,接头的拉伸强度随着宽孔比的增大而下降,其破坏模式将由拉伸-挤压破坏逐步向剪切-挤压破坏转变,宽孔比越大,拉伸破坏模式占的比重越小,而剪切破坏占的比重越大。试验温度虽然没有改变同一宽孔比复合材料螺栓接头的破坏模式,但对其拉伸强度影响明显,相同宽孔比下复合材料螺栓接头静载强度随着温度的升高而降低,这是由于随着温度的升高,树脂基体的性能下降明显,使得接头中更易出现拉伸破坏和挤压破坏等,进而大大降低了复合材料螺栓接头的强度。     

基于Vague集的隧道施工安全管理脆弱性评价

为了客观地查找并量化隧道施工安全管理系统的脆弱点及管控要点,本文以系统脆弱性的3个特征要素,即暴露性、敏感性和适应性为二级指标,以隧道施工安全管理系统脆弱性的8项直接影响因素为三级指标,构建系统脆弱性评价体系。提出基于区间数互反判断矩阵与Vague集理论的隧道施工安全管理系统脆弱性评价模型,该模型使用区间数描述指标之间的相对重要程度,以模糊信息对系统脆弱性进行量化评价。通过山西吕梁某隧道施工项目,验证该模型的有效性,结果表明,该模型能够实现对系统脆弱性、特征要素以及各关键指标的量化评价。     

事故树-风险矩阵评估高校实验室火灾风险

为了使高校实验室安全管理科学化、精准化,应用事故树-风险矩阵法进行风险评估。首先采用事故树法对实验室火灾事故进行分析,得出导致事故发生的基本事件,然后依照事故致因理论,得出事故隐患三级原因,采用层次分析法对事故发生的频率和后果严重度及安全措施补偿系数的等级赋值,得到四级风险矩阵模型,对基本事件调查并由专家评估得出其风险值。评估结果表明导致实验室火灾事故的主要原因为:燃烧反应失控、加热、人员消防素质、操作不当、实验室管理水平、火灾报警系统缺陷、电气火花、灭火材料不足、消防系统缺陷、木制品、反应放热、存放不当。根据基本事件风险值高低针对性采取相应预防措施可以一定程度上提升实验室安全管理水平。     

絮凝用聚合物最佳性能的探讨

本文通过对聚合物混凝剂活化的过程进行剖析，提出了水力条件是唯一影响因素，并比较了三类混合器的性能．     

环境因子权重值取值准则在"矩阵法"环境影响综合评价中的实践应用

矩阵法是环境影响综合评价中的一种基础方法和重要手段，环境因子和影响因子权重值的取值准则是方法应用中的关键。利用归纳总结出的环境因子和影响因子权重值取值准则，可提高矩阵法的实用性。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中镉的研究

本文介绍了利用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中的方法，通过加入基体改进剂消除了共存物的干扰，该方法快速、准确，方便，对试样的加收率为９７－１０４％，相对标准偏差为８．２％，对实际样品进行了测定获得满意的结果。     

腈纶废水与醋酸废水混合处理的试验研究

着重讨论了将醋酸废水按不同的比例引入腈纶废水处理场后，对腈纶污水处理场的出水COD以及可生化性的影响，试验表明将腈纶废水与醋酸废水按任意配比混合，都不会对腈纶污水处理场的运行产生任何不利的影响。     

Sources of polychlorinated biphenyl blank contamination and their impact on fingerprinting

Abstract

The development of high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for the measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental samples has dramatically reduced detection limits, leading to problems obtaining clean blanks. When PCBs are detected in samples at concentrations similar to the blanks, blank contamination must be addressed before fingerprinting and source apportionment through positive matrix factorization (PMF) can be successful. We tested a variety of blank correction methods using data from a study of water column concentrations of PCBs in the Spokane River, where concentrations of Σ₂₀₉PCBs in whole water samples averaged 171?pg/L without blank correction and Σ₂₀₉PCBs in the blanks averaged 88?pg/L. The results suggest that subtracting blank masses from sample masses can lead to erroneous results. Instead, censoring at one times the batch-specific blank level is a better approach. The sources of PCBs in field and method blanks were investigated by examining their congener profiles via PMF. The results suggest that commercial PCB formulations (in the US, Aroclors) continue to be the primary source of PCBs in blanks forty years after PCB production and use were banned in the United States. Other sources of PCBs to blanks include PCB 11 from pigments; PCBs 44?+?47?+?65, 45?+?51, and 68 arising from polymers cured using bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide; and PCBs 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 15 and others arising from silicone products derived from phenylsiloxanes, such as silicone-based adhesives.