化学氧呼吸器的现状与发展趋势

随着人类社会的发展进步,对生产安全和应急救生用呼吸器的需求越来越旺盛,化学氧呼吸器已经成为重要的研究方向。介绍了化学氧呼吸器的工作原理和发展历程以及技术现状,分析比较了化学氧呼吸器的优缺点。在此基础上指出,优化产氧装置、开发高效冷却技术、降低整体体积和重量、制定技术标准和开发检测技术是化学氧呼吸器研究开发重要而又迫切的任务。     

餐饮业油烟道火灾研究综述

从餐饮业油烟道火灾事故统计出发,概括了我国油烟道火灾事故分类、事故原因分析、油烟道火灾探测、灭火剂、灭火设备的研究进展,分析了我国油烟道火灾的研究与国外的差距,并指出了我国在油烟道火灾领域存在的问题,最后提出了防治油烟道火灾的思路。     

雨水斗截污装置对屋面初期雨水净化规律及关键参数设计

在西安市某文教区屋面排水立管设径流采样点,雨期采用人工时间间隔采样法采集径流水样,对2016年8月—2016年11月3场屋面径流SS、COD、TN、NH₃-N、TP、浊度、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、Cr等污染指标进行监测,界定了初期雨水的概念并根据屋面初期雨水水质、水量特征、雨水斗构造设计屋面雨水截污装置,研究了该截污装置的透水性能、工作状态、截污效果和清洗更换周期。结果表明：将暴雨次降雨前30~40 min、大雨和小雨次降雨前40~50 min雨水定义为初期雨水;土工布单位面积质量越大,透水能力越小,且其过滤通量与过滤水头呈线性关系;在不发生溢流的情况下,500 g·m⁻²的土工布制成的截污装置过滤出水可满足《生活杂用水水质标准》(GB/T 18920-2002)要求;为避免5年一遇的暴雨下屋面积水,截污装置上部溢流孔孔口面积至少应为0.015 4 m²,须至少保证有效过滤区高度为568 mm。研究为缓解西安等干旱、半干旱地区用水紧张问题提供参考。     

NUTRIENT MASS BALANCE AND TRENDS,MOBILE RIVER BASIN,ALABAMA, GEORGIA,AND MISSISSIPPI1

ABSTRACT: A nutrient mass balance — accounting for nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, crop nitrogen fixation, and point source effluents; and nutrient outputs, including crop harvest and storage — was calculated for 18 subbasins in the Mobile River Basin, and trends (1970 to 1997) were evaluated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Agricultural nonpoint nitrogen and phosphorus sources and urban nonpoint nitrogen sources are the most important factors associated with nutrients in this system. More than 30 percent of nitrogen yield in two basins and phosphorus yield in eight basins can be attributed to urban point source nutrient inputs. The total nitrogen yield (1.3 tons per square mile per year) for the Tombigbee River, which drains a greater percentage of agricultural (row crop) land use, was larger than the total nitrogen yield (0.99 tons per square mile per year) for the Alabama River. Decreasing trends of total nitrogen concentrations in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers indicate that a reduction occurred from 1975 to 1997 in the nitrogen contributions to Mobile Bay from the Mobile River. Nitrogen concentrations also decreased (1980 to 1995) in the Black Warrior River, one of the major tributaries to the Tombigbee River. Total phosphorus concentrations increased from 1970 to 1996 at three urban influenced sites on the Etowah River in Georgia. Multiple regression analysis indicates a distinct association between water quality in the streams of the Mobile River drainage basin and agricultural activities in the basin.     

智能化曝气控制A/O工艺活性污泥特性演化对内源反硝化脱氮的作用机制

将新型智能化曝气控制系统（automatic oxygen supply device,AOSD）应用于A/O工艺中,对比分析AOSD系统曝气模式控制下的A/O工艺（I-A/O）与常规曝气模式A/O工艺（C-A/O）对活性污泥驯化作用、微生物菌群的分布影响,深入探讨I-A/O活性污泥特性演化对内源反硝化脱氮的作用机制.结果表明I-A/O系统出水NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N出现一定积累效应,活性污泥在驯化过程中表现为更为显著的微膨胀,在外源碳素充盈状况下能更充分地将污泥混合液中的溶解性COD（SCOD）富集,将其转化为糖原（Gly）,并在外源碳素供应匮乏的状况下激发内源反硝化脱氮反应,内源反硝化速率（EDNR）平均可达0.83 mg·（L·h）^-1,超过C-A/O水平.通过Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对两系统污泥微生物群落结构解析：两系统污泥微生物群落多样性评估区别不明显,而I-A/O污泥中Candidate division TM7大量增殖是构成其丝状菌污泥微膨胀、Gly贮存能力提高的优势功能菌.AOSD的供氧模式使活性污泥特性与微生物群落在适应新环境上发生了特异性变化,好氧异养菌代谢活性下降,内源反硝化脱氮途径的强化使I-A/O实现了一种总体低氧需求的动态平衡状态.     

Lower explosion limit of the vented gases from Li-ion batteries thermal runaway in high temperature condition

The thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery (or Li-ion battery, LIB) results in scrap of battery and fire, with the toxic and flammable gases generated. In this work, a self-made device was to collect gases from LIB thermal runaway, when the batteries were under different states of charge (SOC), temperatures of the environment and powers of external heating. Three samples of the collected gases were analyzed to get the results of the composition and content by chromatography-mass spectrometry system (GC-MS). The lower explosion limits (LELs) of the gases was tested by FRTA explosion limit instrument. And then the LEL of three analyzed samples whose composition and content were known by GC-MS were calculated via theoretical formulas. The calculated LELs were compared with those of the instrument test. The errors of the two results of three samples are 2.1%, 1.9%, and 0.4%. The Le Chatelier Formula and empirical formula provide a way to evaluate the LEL of the battery runaway gas more quickly.     

便携式布氏硬度计在电厂金属硬度检测中的应用

针对电厂金属部件及焊缝现场硬度检测中里氏硬度计误差较大的问题,介绍了有关标准的进展情况,以及便携式布氏硬度计和压痕自动测量装置的最新技术.结果表明:在现场硬度检测中,对有争议的硬度值宜采用便携式布氏硬度计进行测量校核,国内已形成关于便携式布氏硬度计的标准体系,自动压痕测量装置配合便携式布氏硬度计非常适于电厂的现场硬度检测,通过换算得到的数据,不能作为投诉和满足验收要求的依据.     

在用吊运熔融金属起重机主起升钢丝绳缠绕系统的优化研究

结合最新的相关安全规程要求,通过对在用吊运熔融金属起重机钢丝绳缠绕系统的分析、研究,依据起重机械设计规范,对不同工况下钢丝绳缠绕系统分别提出两套优化方案,并通过实际应用情况验证优化方案的可行性。     

电磁辐射环境信访分析与应对措施探讨

以南通市辐射环境信访调处为例,对该市近年来电磁辐射信访投诉量及其变化,投诉对象、方式、诉求等进行分析,并结合调处经验,提出上门实测、合法性核查、组织协调等应对措施,以及完善执行机制,优化评价技术;加强辐射环境监管;保障公众参与权、知情权和监督权;正确引导公众舆论等解决辐射环境信访问题的建议。     

炮采工作面降尘技术的研究

炮采工作面在生产期间粉尘浓度较大 ,严重危害着生产安全和作业人员的身体健康。详细地介绍了一种炮采工作面喷雾降尘装置的设计应用和降尘效果