南亚热带丘陵土壤水分循环及其有效性的研究──Ⅱ.丘陵赤红壤水分循环动态特征

根据定位观测资料,阐述了南亚热带丘陵赤红壤水分循环的动态特征。研究结果表明,南亚热带丘陵赤红壤贮水量存在年际变化和显著的季节变化：雨季（4～9月）土壤贮水量相当于田间持水量的90％以上,个别月甚至超过贮水库容量。但旱季月土壤贮水量低,相当于田间持水量的50％～80％,需要补充水分才能及时满足植物所需的水分。     

Ozone effects on three Sambucus species

The onset and development of symptoms of three Sambucus species, S. ebulus, S. nigra and S. racemosa were studied in 2002 under three different experimental conditions, in charcoal filtered air (CF), and in two ozone enriched treatment: non filtered air plus 40 ppb ozone (NF+), and non filtered air plus 70 ppb ozone (NF++). The herb S. ebulus was more sensitive than the shrubs S. racemosa and S. nigra. Some plants of the three species showed visible injury below the AOT40 threshold of 10,000 ppb·h, established for protection of vegetation. Ozone produced a decrease in chlorophyll content in S. ebulus, and impaired both stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in S. ebulus and S. nigra. A complementary study in 2004 with S. ebulus, confirmed a decrease in chlorophyll content after fumigation, associated to a decrease in N content of the leaves. Since S. ebulus is a widespread species in Europe and it is very sensitive to ozone, it could be a very appropriate plant for the biomonitoring studies across large areas in this continent.     

生物有机肥料对温室蔬菜硝酸盐和土壤盐分累积的影响

探讨了 3种有机肥料对温室苋菜、芹菜硝酸盐和土壤盐分累积的影响。结果表明 :施用有机肥可显著降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量。用 3种有机肥料处理栽培的芹菜NO3- 含量平均值为 2 133mg/kg ,比用蔬菜专用肥 (对照 )的低 1617mg/kg ,其中施用大三元生物有机肥的芹菜NO3- 值最低 ,为 180 3mg/kg,比对照低 1947mg/kg。施用大三元生物有机肥的土壤盐分 (EC)含量也最低 ,0～ 10cm耕层的盐分为 0 0 79S/m ,比对照低 0 0 2 4S/m ;10～ 2 0cm耕层的盐分为 0 0 5 5S/m ,比对照低 0 0 10S/m。     

聊古─1井水氡模糊分维值的变化与地震的关系

利用模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法 ,处理了山东聊古 1井水氡 1 0多年来的观测资料 ,找出了水氡模糊分维值的 3次较大变化与相应 3次地震的关系。在这 3次地震前水氡模糊分维值都出现明显地小于 0 5 7的低值异常变化。这可能反映了系统在较大地震前的明显降维特征     

不同烟气含湿量测量方法比较与分析

探讨准确测量烟气含湿量的方法,采用干湿球法、重量法、阻容法、激光法同步比对测量典型温湿度污染源烟气的含湿量,通过监测结果分析,提出了不同测量方法在实际烟气测量中的准确性和适用性,为准确、规范测定烟气含湿量提供技术依据。     

生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规与标准研究

本文对国内生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值的国家标准、地方标准、行业标准以及中国香港、欧美等发达地区精细化的生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规和标准做了比较全面的综述,并从产品限值种类以及限值要求两个方面进行了对比研究和分析,提出了我国生产生活类产品VOCs 含量限值法规标准制定建议。笔者认为,应借鉴发达国家成功的生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规及标准制定经验,从做好标准和产品技术要求衔接、建立区域协同制定标准模式、结合经济因素或环境空气质量,分步推进相关标准制定和发布等方面入手,建立符合实际国情的产品种类较为全面、标准要求较高的生产生活类产品VOCs含量限值法规与标准体系,尤其是生活消费品方面,减少直接与人体接触的生活消费品VOCs排放。     

Calibration Catchment Selection for Flood Regionalization Modeling1

Wan Jaafar, Wan Zurina, and Dawei Han, 2012. Calibration Catchment Selection for Flood Regionalization Modeling. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 698‐706. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00648.x Abstract: There are two unsolved problems in flood regionalization model development related to the quantity and quality of calibration catchments: (1) how many calibration catchments should be used? and (2) how to select the calibration catchments? This study explores these two questions through a case study on the median annual maximum flood (QMED) model in the United Kingdom. It has been found that the chance of developing a good QMED model decreases significantly when the number of calibration catchments drops below a critical number (e.g., 60 in the case study). However, no significant improvement is achieved if the number of calibration catchments is above it. This number could be used as a benchmark for choosing randomly selected calibration catchments. Across a broad range of calibration catchment numbers, there are good and poor calibrated models regardless of calibration catchment numbers. High quality models could be developed from a small number of calibration catchments and also poor models from a large number of calibration catchments. This indicates that the number of calibration catchments may not be the dominating factor for developing a high quality regionalization model. Instead, the information content could be more important. The study has demonstrated that the standard deviation values between the best and poorest groups are distinctive and could be used in choosing appropriate calibration catchments.     

气田含油污泥焚烧性能优化实验

焚烧法是气田含油污泥处理的主要方法。文章分析了气田含油污泥的性质和特性,气田含油污泥处理方法及存在问题,对气田含油污泥焚烧性能优化机理、提高旋转窑焚烧炉工艺参数进行了研究。结合现场实际情况,提出了以降低污泥含水率在30%以下和控制焚烧炉预热温度500℃以上为主要措施的解决思路。     

Methyl chloride emissions from halophyte leaf litter: dependence on temperature and chloride content

Methyl chloride (CH₃Cl) is the most abundant natural chlorine containing compound in the atmosphere, and responsible for a significant fraction of stratospheric ozone destruction. Understanding the global CH₃Cl budget is therefore of great importance. However, the strength of the individual sources and sinks is still uncertain. Leaf litter is a potentially important source of methyl chloride, but factors controlling the emissions are unclear. This study investigated CH₃Cl emissions from leaf litter of twelve halophyte species. The emissions were not due to biological activity, and emission rates varied between halophyte species up to two orders of magnitude. For all species, the CH₃Cl emission rates increased with temperature following the Arrhenius relation. Activation energies were similar for all investigated plant species, indicating that even though emissions vary largely between plant species, their response to changing temperatures is similar. The chloride and methoxyl group contents of the leaf litter samples were determined, but those parameters were not significantly correlated to the CH₃Cl emission rate.     

Climate Skepticism in British Newspapers, 2007–2011

Climate skepticism in the UK media has not been a major focus of recent research. This paper aims to help fill the gap by looking at the incidence of skeptical voices in UK newspapers across three periods: 2007, 2009/2010, and 2010/2011. After analyzing more than 3200 articles, it finds that skeptical voices increased their presence markedly across all newspapers and all types of articles in the second period, and maintained a significant presence in many in the third. Uncontested skeptical voices were particularly prevalent in opinion pieces and editorials in right-leaning newspapers in the second. It also finds that skeptical voices or opinions were more likely to be included in pieces written by in-house non-specialist columnists than by environment editors or correspondents. The negative implications of the results for public understanding and the quality of public debate are then explored.