土壤相对表观极性及其对有机污染物吸附的影响

以干土壤做气相色谱固定相,用测定气相色谱固定液相对极性的方法,测定了广州、四川云阳、太原、乌鲁木齐等地区的６种土壤相对表观极性（SRP）,及其基本性质。结果表明：ＳＲＰ（ｙ）与土壤有机质含量（x₁）、［O＋N］含量（x₂）呈正相关,与粘粒（＜0.01mm）含量（x₃）呈负相关,其关系式为y＝54.2705+17.7698x1+0.1834x₂-0.2014x₃,相关系数γ分别为0.9980、0.9463、-0.8792（n＝6,p<0.05）;随着SRP值的增加,萘和硝基苯的有机质吸附系数K_(om)下降。     

丰沛铜地氟病区大气环境中氟的分布

利用石灰滤纸法和滤膜电极法测试了徐州丰沛铜地区大气环境中的氟含量,结果表明：由城区至城效到农村,大气环境中的氟含量趋向下降,采煤、煤的燃烧和铝厂等企业是大气中氟的主要污染源,该区地氟病与大气环境中的氟含量未见明显联系,不属燃煤污染型     

型煤燃烧固硫中的温度效应

以氧化钙作为固硫剂的型煤中适当加入Ｆｅ,Ｓｉ添加剂组分,燃烧生成新的固硫体系后进行了２种不同温度条件下的进样实验。１．型煤样品分成６份,进行逐渐升温实验,分别加热到１１７０℃－１２２０℃,温度间隔１０℃,恒温１／４ｈ,２．型煤样品分成７份,进行先升温后进样实验,将加热炉分别升温至要求温度１０００℃－１２２０℃＋后进样,温度间隔５０℃,恒温１／２ｈ,实验表明：在Ｆｅ,Ｓｉ体系的型煤燃烧过程中,当进样     

Three long-range transport models compared to the ETEX experiment: a performance study

For operational or research purposes (dispersion computations of radioactive effluents during nuclear emergency situations, simulations of chemical pollution in the vicinity of thermal power plants), different models of passive dispersion in the atmosphere have been developed at the Environment Department of EDF’s R and D Division. This report presents the comparison of the performances of three such models: DIFTRA (lagrangian puff model, with operational goal), DIFEUL (three dimensional eulerian) and DIFPAR (Monte Carlo particle model) for the simulation of the first ETEX release, an international tracer campaign during which a passive tracer cloud has been followed over Europe. The results obtained in this study give model vs. experience differences of the same order as the model vs. experience differences observed during an international model comparison experiment using data of the Chernobyl release, the ATMES exercise. In addition to the standard statistical scores used in the evaluation of the performances of the transport models two asymmetric scores (in contradistinction with the Figure of Merit in Space) are proposed: “efficiency” and “power”. Their aim is to separate the two manners in which a model may be wrong: by predicting presence of pollutant while none is measured or conversely predicting absence when pollutant is actually detected.     

弹药公路运输安全评估研究综述

综述了我军弹药公路运输安全评估的研究现状和特点规律,分析提出了现有研究成果在理论和技术层面的不足,为该领域研究提供参考借鉴.基于军地两类文献数据库,采用文献检索法、对比法和归纳法对我军弹药公路运输安全评估相关内容进行了梳理,分析了弹药公路运输安全评估研究的热点方向,阐述了安全评估方法与安全评估技术2个方面研究的不足.我...     

新型绿色溶剂--室温离子液体

室温离子液体是一种具有特殊性质的液体,具有较低的熔点、良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸气压等优点,已被应用到诸多领域。作为一种高效绿色溶剂,室温离子液体在化学分离、催化、电化学等方面发挥着重要的作用。对离子液体的种类、性质、制备方法及其在绿色化学中的应用进行了介绍。     

基于概率物理模型的贮存可靠性评估方法

针对小样本高截尾试验信息贮存可靠性评估问题,提出了基于概率物理模型的贮存可靠性评估方法.通过对概率物理模型与传统指数模型的贮存可靠性评估方法进行对比分析,分别利用2种评估方法进行模型参数拟合、无失效数据可靠性评估和系统可靠性评估,发现无论是从拟合精度,还是小样本数据评估方面,概率物理模型评估方法都更符合工程实际.该模型...     

醌指纹法及其在环境微生物领域的应用

微生物在环境中的丰度和多样性受到广泛关注.系统介绍了一种通过分析微生物菌群中电子传递体的种类和数量来表征其群落丰度和多样性的方法——醌指纹法.综述了醌指纹法的原理和检测分析手段,归纳了醌指纹法在废水处理、水体、土壤和堆肥环境场景中的应用,此外还分析了醌指纹法的优缺点.最后,对醌指纹法在未来微生物治理领域的应用进行了展望...     

Implementation and evaluation of the Safety Element Method at four mining sites

The Safety Element Method (SEM) is a method for improvements of safety results and safety approaches in the Norwegian mining industry. The method is developed by users and researchers in co-operation. The main approach of the method is that a group of organisational members assesses the current and desired situation for their own organisation within defined areas. Based on this assessment they work out a strategy and action plan to reach the internal goals for desired achievement, i.e. the desired situation defined. This article presents the implementation of the method in four mining companies and evaluates the method for its construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, how the method functions and is accepted among the users. The results show that the opinions regarding the experiences with the method are, on the whole, positive. The method is regarded as a valuable approach towards safety improvements. Subjective assessments play a prominent role in SEM, but these assessments are supported by an extensive review of empirical data such as accident reports, interview results and a questionnaire. This means that the internal assessments correspond well to the safety results of the companies and also to the independent external reviews carried out by the researcher.     

炸药及火工品可靠性与安全性评定方法

可靠性的评定结果是否可信,直接关系到炸药及火工品的使用安全性和作用可靠性。但是,现有炸药及火工品可靠性评定方法却存在着达不到置信度要求、评价结果偏于危险的缺点。为此,提出了一种确定炸药及火工品安全度和可靠度的高精度方法,并给出了应用实例。该方法不仅可信程度高,而且适用于小样本情况,尤其是在利用了以往试验数据后,既可提高安全性和可靠性评定的精度,又可大大节省试验的费用及时间