营养盐对白洋淀草型富营养化的驱动与限制

对流入白洋淀的府河水体及沉积物中氮、磷营养元素进行了测试,并结合1991~2007年的历史数据,研究了白洋淀富营养化的基本特征及营养盐驱动机制.结果表明,府河氮、磷浓度严重超标,属于劣Ⅴ类水体.草型湖泊水生植物的生长与水体中营养盐限制类型密切相关.在高营养盐浓度下,水体氮、磷相对比(N/P)为14~16时,有利于水生高等植物生长,促使芦苇成为白洋淀优势物种.草型富营养化是白洋淀的基本特征,氮是湖泊草型富营养化的限制因子.通过降低府河输入白洋淀的含氮污染物总量,可有效缓解白洋淀草型富营养化状况.     

Contributions of biofilm and suspended sludge to nitrogen transformation and nitrous oxide emission in hybrid sequencing batch system

Hybrid system combines the nature of suspended growth and attached growth has been widely applied to wastewater treatment. In this research, the contributions to N transformation and N2O emission by biofilm and suspended sludge in the hybrid sequencingbatch reactor for a simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal process were investigated. For the hybrid system, nitrification occurred mostly in the suspended sludge, while the biofilm played the major role in denitrification. The interaction of the biofilm and the suspended sludge in the same reactor resulted in a better overall nitrogen removal performance with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. However, N2O emission was the main end product of nitrogen removal for the hybrid system; while it was N2 for the biofilm. The relative low N2O emissions from the pure biofilm and the pure suspended sludge corresponded to the relatively high nitrate at the end of the aeration period compared with the hybrid system.     

紫外诱变选育优势好氧反硝化菌株

采用紫外照射的方法对好氧反硝化菌株进行诱变,从中筛选出一株优势正突变菌株ZR43,并对其形态、生长条件及反硝化能力进行了研究.结果显示,相对于亲本R1,菌株ZR43对亚硝态氮的积累量大幅度降低,从75.05mg·L-1减少到17.42mg·L-1.TN去除率提高了18%.菌株形态为球菌.最佳生长条件:温度为30℃、pH为8、C/N为10、以丁二酸为最佳碳源.C/N对菌株ZR43的好氧反硝化能力影响很大,当C/N大于8时,总氮的去除率均达到32%以上.     

Effects of bacteria on nitrogen and phosphorus release from river sediment

To better understand the mechanisms of eutrophication,we addressed the microbial processes that influence many key aspects of water-sediment systems.In this study,a large column experiment was conducted for 30 d.Along the column,solution samples were collected at different locations at different time.The samples were analyzed for physical,chemical,and biological properties of the sediment and oveflying water.The results showed that the amount of nitrogen transforming bacteria was higher than than that of phosphorous bacteria.The amount of nitrogen transforming bacteria was in the orderammonitier＞denitrifying bacteria＞nitrobacteria and nitrosomonas.Principal component analysis indicared that the three main factors accounted for more than 90%overall contributions for bacterium growth,which represented nutrition,organics and oxygen,and pH and redox potential(Eh)of the environment.Corresponding to the bacteria,the concentrations of nitrogen in the system was in the orderammonia(NH4 -N)＞nitrate(NO3--N)＞nitrite(NO2--N),The fluxes of N and P clearly showed a temporal release and adsorption processes in the water-sediment system.The large magnitude of N fluxes suggested that N might act as an important contamination source for the water quality.However,P exchange between the sediment and overlying water was less intensive during the experiment.     

Nitrous oxide production during nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater in lab-scale sequencing batch reactor

The production of N2O during nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was investigated in a lab-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor with a working volume of 14 L. The results showed that the total N2O-N production reached higher than 1.87 mg/L, and up to 4% of removed nitrogen was converted into N20. In addition, N20 led to a much higher greenhouse effect than CO2 during aerobic reaction phase, this proved that N2O production could not be neglected. The N2O-N production during nitrification was 1.85mg/L, whereas, during denitrification, no N2O was produced, nitrification was the main source of N2O production during nitrogen removal. Furthermore, during denitrification, the dissolved N2O at the end of aeration was found to be further reduced to N2. Denitrification thus had the potential of controlling N2O production.     

污水除磷脱氮中几个关键问题及研究方向的探讨

对高负荷条件下硝化反应和聚磷茵有效除磷进行了探讨;介绍了脱氮除磷过程中互相矛盾的几个主要因素：并针对环境条件、碳源需求以及对反硝化聚磷的诱导与控制等领域内的研究方向进行了综述。     

离子色谱法测定环境水样中的氨氮

使用离子色谱分析地表水、地下水、饮用水源等环境水样中的氨氮,以甲磺酸为流动相,采用等度淋洗,进一次样品可同时检测其它多种阳离子,操作方便,考察了方法的精密度和准确度,并对氨氮标准曲线进行了简要分析,氨氮定量范围为0.04 mg/l～15 mg/l,可满足环境监测要求。     

生物膜法处理低碳高氮污水的试验研究

文章采用生物膜法进行对低碳氮比的污水模拟研究,通过调节反应池的各种条件如水力停留时间,进水的碳氮比等考察生物膜法对低碳高氮污水的脱氮能力。在本试验所考察的工况中,系统进水停留时间为15小时,原水C/N为5:1,低氧反应池与好氧反应池进水比为1:1的工况有较好的脱氮效果,改善了出水水质,对城市污水深度脱氮具有参考价值,有良好的应用前景。     

N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.     

长江河口九段沙中沙互花米草湿地植物-土壤间营养元素含量灰色关联分析

于2005年5—12月,采用GPS定位,逐月对长江河口九段沙中沙的互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)湿地植物样品与土壤样品进行采集,分析植物与土壤中的w(N),w(P)和w(K)并研究其动态变化.利用灰色关联分析方法,对湿地植物与土壤中w(N),w(P)和w(K)的时空分布进行了研究,旨在探明互花米草生长过程中对不同深度土壤营养元素与不同种类营养元素的吸收程度.结果表明,灰色关联分析是湿地生态系统植物与土壤营养元素动态关系研究的行之有效的方法.互花米草的生长与上层土壤(0～≤15 cm)中的w(N)、中层土壤(15～≤40 cm)中的w(K)和下层土壤(40～60 cm)中的w(P)关联密切.互花米草与上层、中层和下层土壤中营养元素的关联序分别为N>P>K,N>K>P和P>N>K.在互花米草整个生长过程中,初期植物-土壤间营养元素的关联较小;旺盛生长期,植物-土壤间N和P元素的关联度大,K元素的关联度小;生长末期,植物-土壤间K元素关联度增强.