燃油锅炉与燃煤锅炉大气污染物种类调查

为了解燃油锅炉和燃煤锅炉大气污染物种类及质量浓度的差别，对1999年南京市环境监测中心站燃油锅炉和燃煤锅炉的测试数据以及环保系统其他监测站燃油锅炉的测试数据进行了分析，并对2类锅炉的环境效益和经济效益进行了评价。指出，燃油锅炉与燃煤锅炉大气污染物种类基本相同；燃柴油锅炉排放的大气污染物质量浓度较低，对烟尘、SO2和CO污染有显著的消减，对NOx也有一定的消减。从环境效益和经济效益两方面分析，在城区内用燃柴油锅炉替代小型燃煤锅炉是可行的；对于大中型工业锅炉，燃料仍以煤炭为主，污染物的控制须从除尘、脱硫和脱硝等方面来实现。     

NiB2O4 (B = Mn or Co) catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx at low-temperature in microwave field

● Microwave-assisted catalytic NH₃-SCR reaction over spinel oxides is carried out. ● SCR reaction temperature is tremendously lowered in microwave field. ● NO conversion of NiMn₂O₄ is highly up to 90.6% at 70°C under microwave heating. Microwave-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was investigated over Ni-based metal oxides. The NiMn₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄ catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and their activities were evaluated as potential candidate catalysts for low-temperature NH₃-SCR in a microwave field. The physicochemical properties and structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂-physisorption, NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field, H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). The results verified that microwave radiation reduced the reaction temperature required for NH₃-SCR compared to conventional heating, which needed less energy. For the NiMn₂O₄ catalyst, the catalytic efficiency exceeded 90% at 70 °C and reached 96.8% at 110 °C in the microwave field. Meanwhile, the NiMn₂O₄ also exhibited excellent low-temperature NH₃-SCR reaction performance under conventional heating conditions, which is due to the high BET specific surface area, more suitable redox property, good NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field and rich acidic sites.     

分解炉分级燃烧降氮脱硝技术的研究与应用

低NOx高温燃烧技术与大容积分解炉系统有机结合,具有热效率高、分解炉温度分布均匀、降氮脱硝、NOx排放浓度低等特点。文章介绍了高温分级燃烧技术在水泥窑中的应用,重点分析了分级燃烧、降氮脱硝在分解炉系统中的应用原理,以及推广的价值。     

天津市在用汽车遥感检测分析研究

遥测法是对在用车污染情况进行监督管理的高效、便捷的新技术,利用天津市遥测法对路上行驶的在用车的监测数据,分析了各项污染指标间的关系、同一辆车检测数据的重复性、对在用车的控制效果、不同控制方案下遥测法检测限值,并提出了遥测法检测数据的精度要求。     

固定源低温选择性催化还原NOx技术研究进展

NH3选择性催化还原技术在固定源NOx污染控制中广泛应用,其核心是催化剂．传统钒氧化物催化剂起活温度偏高（〉300℃）,难以在末端应用;随着环保法规的日益严格和实际应用需要,研制具有良好低温活性和稳定性的新型催化剂成为近期国内外该领域的热点．对贵金属、分子筛、金属氧化物3类催化剂,综述了国内外近期研究进展．其中以碳质材料为载体负载Nn、Cu等的金属氧化物型催化剂显示出良好的低温活性和稳定性,具有较好的低温催化还原NOx研究前景．     

喷雾预处理＋二级吸收法处理酸洗废气中NOx

尝试对酸洗废气中NOx处理工艺进行改进研究,提出了喷雾预处理＋二级吸收法工艺,从工艺流程、工艺原理、试验结果等方面阐述了该工艺的可行性。本研究可为酸洗废气中NOx处理提供参考。     

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel PM over La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 catalyst assisted by plasma

The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 loaded on γ-Al2O3 spherules with the assistant of plasma. It was found that NOx was reduced by PM in oxygen rich atmosphere, the CO2 and N2 were produced in the same temperature window without considering the N2 formed by plasma decomposition. As a result, the temperature for the PM combustion decreases and the reduction efficiency of NOx to N2 increases during the plasma process, which indicated that the activity of the catalyst can be improved by plasma. The NOx is decomposed by plasma at both low temperature and high temperature. Therefore, the whole efficiency of NOx conversion is enhanced.     

Control of diesel soot and NOx emissions with a particulate trap and EGR

The exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), coupled with a high-collection efficiency particulate trap to simultaneously control smoke and NOx emissions from diesel engines were studied. This ceramic trap developed previously provided the soot cleaning efficiency of 99%, the regeneration efficiency reaches 80% and the ratio of success reaches 97%, which make EGR used in diesel possible. At the presence of EGR, opening of the regeneration control valve of the trap was over again optimized to compensate for the decrease of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas resulted from EGR. The results indicated the cleaning efficiency and regeneration performance of the trap were maintained at the same level except that the back pressure increased faster. A new EGR system was developed, which is based on a wide range oxygen(UEGO) sensor. Experiments were carded out under steady state conditions while maintaining the engine speed at 1600 r/min, setting the engine loads at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%respectively. Throughout each test the EGR rate was kept at nine different settings and data were taken with the gas analyzer and UEGO sensor. Then, the EGR rate and engine load maps, which showed the tendencies of NOx, CO and HC emissions from diesel engine,were made using the measured data. Using the maps, the author set up the EGR regulation, the relationship between the optimal amounts of EGR flow and the equivalence ratio, σ, where σ = 14.5/AFR.     

工业锅炉低 NOx 燃烧技术简介

本文介绍了NOx的产生类型,以及低NOx 燃烧技术的研究和应用现状,并对不同类型工业锅炉的NOx防治措施进行了分析。     

北京与伦敦空气中气态污染物的比对研究

城市空气质量问题已经引起广泛关注.通过对中英2个大城市北京与伦敦 2004 年 8 月～2005 年12 月空气中气态污染物 O3、NOx、SO2 和 CO 浓度变化的分析与对比发现:参照世界卫生组织空气质最准则、欧盟空气质量标准、美国国家空气质量标准或国家空气质量二级标准,北京O3、NO2、SO2和 CO 浓度的超标天数或时数明显高于伦敦.观测期内,北京 O3、NOx、SO2 和 CO 浓度明显高于伦敦,平均值分别是 17.9±22.1×10-9、72.4±76.1×10-9、19.5±21.8×10-9、2 004.6±1 509.8×10-9与10.8±9.9×10-9、54,6±38.9×10-9、1.8±2.2×10-9、372.3±235.0×10-9.两城市 O3 统计日变化形式均表现为白天高、夜晚低,峰值出现在午后 14:00 左右,日较差分别为 31.5±30.9×10-9与 11.1±7.7×10-9;NO、NO2、SO2 和 CO 呈双峰态日变化,峰值出现在交通的早高峰与晚高峰附近.北京 O3 最高值出现在夏季,而伦敦出现在春季;但两城市NOx、SO2 和 CO 最高值均出现在冬季.北京与伦敦的NO2与 NO 呈显著线性相关,且斜率与截距十分相似,分别是 1.25 和 1.28 与 28.1 和 23.2;同时两城市 CO/NOx 比率明显高于 SO2/NO 分别为 14.0、4.5 与 0.13、0.03.由此可以判断:对于两城市空气污染问题,交通源的贡献要远大于点源;但点源也对两城市空气质量造成影响.此外,连续逆温的天气是造成重污染事件的原因.