杭州高速公路交通事故流行病学特点分析

目的:研究杭州高速公路交通事故的流行病学特点。方法:收集了2003—2006年杭州高速公路交通事故资料并对其进行流行病学分析。结果:①2003—2006年期间,发生交通事故8906起,涉及车辆12692辆,死亡115人,受伤1976人,造成直接经济损失1.15亿元;②交通事故以10月和1月发生最多,每周事故数呈逐渐上升趋势,9:00—11:00点和14:00—16:00点为事故的高发时段;③因驾驶员造成的交通事故超过事故总数的90%,主要原因为未保持安全的纵向距离和操作不当;车辆原因主要为爆胎和制动问题、天气及照明对事故有一定影响;④在高速公路交通事故中,乘客与驾驶员受到的危害程度相同。结论:研究高速公路交通事故的流行病学特点将有利于采取科学的措施减小高速公路交通事故给社会带来的危害。     

应急预警即时指令技术有效遏制事故发生

在化工企业中通过系统科学辨识危险源,针对危险源安全控制数据,采用OPC通讯接口标准,利用网关机和防火墙隔离技术,实现安全的与生产系统数据链接,建成危险源实时监控与应急预警信息系统的有效链接;通过Web实时画面对现场危险源数据进行监控,数据出现波动立即启动相应预案中的应急措施,利用移动公司的企信通服务,利用面向对象语言采用Socket接口编程,自主开发短信模块接口程序;通过系统调用预警模块实现短信监报功能,应用短信瞬间发布应急预警指令,为应急处理赢得时间,有效地遏制安全生产事故的发生。     

焊接触电事故的预防

对交流弧焊机焊接触电事故产生的多种原因进行了深入分析，并针对焊接触电事故产生原因提出了预防和保护措施，研究和实践证明交流弧焊机焊接触电事故是可以预防和保护的。     

银川市污染事故环境应急监测工作探讨

以银川市环境监测中心站应急监测预案为例,介绍了应急监测系统的建立与实施,通过污染事故环境应急监测工作实例,对化学品泄漏后应急监测工作进行了分析,说明应急监测预案在应急监测过程中发挥的重要作用。     

Explosion at an aluminum factory caused by the July 2018 Japan floods: Investigation of damages and evacuation activities

An explosion at an aluminum factory occurred due to floods in Soja City, Okayama Prefecture, in July 2018. This study investigates the accident, its overall impact on local residents, and emergency management activities. The results of the study showed that several nearby structures and homes were damaged by the explosion. Concern for more explosions has led to the evacuation of residents of Shimobara area of Soja City. In Shimobara, residents had carried out voluntary disaster prevention activities before the disaster. After the explosion, Shimobara residents were able to evacuate safely in cooperation with the voluntary disaster prevention organization and the local government agency. The study revealed that there was a lack of information on chemical accident hazards shared by the factory with local government authorities and first responders, as well as with local residents. In order to be better prepared for technological accidents, and in particular accidents caused by natural disasters (known as Natechs), mechanisms for information sharing between companies and municipalities should be adopted.     

集成多种新技术提升广州水环境监测应急能力

多功能环境监测船是珠江流域第一艘集日常水环境监测、水环境应急监测和应急指挥功能于一体的专业监测船,具备水环境监测,环境污染应急指挥,污染事故处理和环保执法,以及珠江整治和科研考察等方面功能,为顺利开展环境应急监测、常规水体质量监测、环境保护执法以及珠江整治和科研考察提供安全、有效的科学工作平台,保证亚运会水体安全。     

Environmental disaster education at the university level: an integrative approach

Because of the highly complex nature of chemical and nuclear accidents, efforts aimed at prevention, preparedness and response require the melding of many types of knowledge and the close collaboration of a wide range of professions. Nevertheless, the need for such integration and cooperation is not always strongly emphasized in university-level curricula. As a result, developing professionals have few opportunities to learn and practise unified models of environmental accident management. In an effort to foster a more integrative approach, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA, has launched the “Environmental Disasters” project. The project crosses disciplinary boundaries with respect to both curriculum and enrollment. In terms of curriculum, the project examines chemical and nuclear accidents from a multi-dimensional perspective, considering not only regulatory, scientific and policy issues, but also the public health, social, and psychological implications. In terms of enrollment, the project brings together students from the full range of fields that are involved with environmental accidents, including engineering, public health, public administration, social work, psychology, nursing, communications, medicine, and environmental studies. Emphasizing the need for a collaborative approach, students work in multi-disciplinary teams as they explore theory, case studies and current research. In addition, the student teams develop detailed plans for addressing the effects of a chemical or nuclear disaster. With environmental accidents representing an on-going threat to health and safety, the approach discussed in this article may provide a useful model for environmental disaster education at the university level.     

水污染事件应急跟踪监测期分析的质量控制

随着环境应急事故处理的规范化要求不断深入,在水污染事件应急监测的不同阶段应做好相关质量控制工作。研究以某突发水环境污染事件为例,探讨跟踪监测阶段分析质量控制措施,包括实验室手工分析和采用自动分析设备分析。质量控制数据统计结果表明:该污染事件跟踪监测期间实验室分析数据处于可控状态,自动分析仪器所得数据与实验室分析数据可比。案例结果表明:在确定主要污染物后的污染事件跟踪监测期内,实验室分析应严格按照相关标准规范要求开展质量控制。建议在水污染事件应急监测中,通过方法比对和规范的质量控制措施,使监测处于受控状态,进一步提高应急监测数据质量,保证监测结果的及时、科学、准确和可靠。     

浅谈化学污染事故环境风险管理

通过了解国内外化学污染事故的现状,分析了化学污染事故的严重性及其特征,结合我国现有的环境风险管理状况,探讨了化学污染事故环境风险管理的途径。