垃圾卫生填埋场卫生防护距离标准研究

根据我国大气环境质量标准，参照美国，日本等国对居住区的污染物容许浓度，提出了佛山市南海狮中垃圾卫生填埋卫生防护距离标准的建议值。     

多媒体辅助英美概况教学的构想与实施

用传统方法讲授英美概况很难达到良好的教学效果。本文论述了用多媒体技术改善教学的思路,并以实例介绍了具体方法,指出了在教学实践中需要注意的问题,同时对教学效果进行了评价。     

对城乡交界处环境与健康问题的思考

城乡交界处是现代农业的重要组成部分。它可以解决城市人口的食物供应问题，增加就业机会，改善城市生态。但是城乡交界处同时也会带来一些新老环境问题，如果没有正确管理和合理的规划，它也会给城市环境造成危害，进而影响人类的健康。本文结合都市农业对环境和人类健康存在的潜在危害做了具体的分析，并提出一些切实可行的管理和控制措施。     

Underestimated contribution of fugitive emission to VOCs in pharmaceutical industry based on pollution characteristics, odorous activity and health risk assessment

Fugitive emission has been becoming an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in pharmaceutical industry, but the exact contribution of fugitive emission remains incompletely understood. In present study, pollution characteristics, odorous activity and health risk of stack and fugitive emissions of VOCs from four functional units (e.g., workshop, sewage treatment station, raw material storage and hazardous waste storage) of three representative pharmaceutical factories were investigated. Workshop was the dominant contributor to VOCs of fugitive emission in comparison with other functional units. Extreme high concentration of VOCs from fugitive emission in unsealed workshop (94.87 mg/m³) was observed relative to sealed one (1.18 mg/m³), accounting for 31% and 5% of total VOCs, respectively. Fugitive emission of VOCs in the unsealed workshop mainly consisted of n-hexane, 1-hexene and dichloromethane. Odorous activity indexes and non-cancer hazard ratios of these VOCs from fugitive emission in the unsealed workshop were as high as that from stack exhaust. Furthermore, cancer risk of dichloromethane from fugitive emission and stack exhaust was up to (1.6-1.8) × 10⁻⁵. Odorous activity or health risk index of the VOCs from fugitive emission was up to 13 or 11 times of the corresponding threshold value, posing remarkable health threat on pharmaceutical workers. Our findings highlighted the possibly underestimated contribution of fugitive emission on VOCs in the pharmaceutical industry.     

树木健康与病虫草害的关系分析

本文论述了树木健康与病害、虫害、草害的关系。     

Pollution of surface waters with pesticides in Germany: modeling non-point source inputs

Pesticide pollution of surface waters represents a considerable hazard for the aquatic environment. However, the mean amount of pesticides reaching the water resources varies considerably between regions and depends highly upon application rates, chemical characteristics of pesticides and natural conditions during application. In this study a model was developed which estimates loss of 42 active ingredients applied to 11 field crops, vineyards and orchards along each non-point source path of entry (subsurface drains, runoff and spray drift). A spatially and temporally differentiated data set of application rates and periods was compiled for each active ingredient and target culture to enable the modeling of pesticide transport. The model results are provided in digital raster format (100 m×100 m) within a geographic information system (GIS). The calculated pesticide loads in surface waters were compared with measured loads from different catchments in Germany. Both data sets agreed as to the order of magnitude, nevertheless due to the scale of the study the estimated loads cannot be interpreted as absolute values and only differences between active ingredients, regions and application periods should be assessed.     

垃圾卫生填埋场微量气体的产生及环境影响

概述了垃圾卫生填埋场微量气体的研究进展。阐明了微量气体的来源、产生和组成，论述了垃圾卫生填埋场微量气体对生态环境所产生的某些不良影响及其对人类健康的危害和所造成的恶臭问题等，提出要重视我国在填埋场微量气体方面的研究。     

室内空气污染与人体健康关系探讨

阐述了室内空气污染的定义、种类、来源，国内外研究现状。分析了燃烧产物、被动吸烟，VOC、甲醛，氡及其子体，室内微生物对人体健康的危害。探讨了白血病、“大楼综合症”与室内空气污染的关系。指出由于我国建筑装修（饰）行业管理不到位，法律，法规不健全，建材质量在整体上落后，未能与经济的高速发展同步。且存在严重的地方保护和有法不依，执法不严的现象，使得室内空气污染问题突出，对人体健康造成了很大的危害。提出了严格我国室内空气质量标准的建议。     

上海城区大气NOx污染对健康影响的定量评价

以国际上近年来通用的危险度评价方法为基础,结合NO_x每增高1单位所产生的健康损失,定量估计上海城区大气中NO_x污染对人体健康的影响。结果表明:(1)1990、1998和1999年,上海城区大气中NO_x污染造成人群呼吸系统疾病患病率分别增加0.77％、1.57％和1.50％,可避免的呼吸道疾病病例数分别为54200、98900、94900;(2)1990、1998和1999年,NO_x污染亦造成人群肺功能指标FVC分别减少38、93、89mL,FEV_(1.0)减少37、92、88mL。因此,上海市城区大气中NO_x污染对居民造成了一定的健康损失,且近10年来呈上升趋势。     

空气污染对人体健康影响及经济损失估算

针对空气污染的来源和对人体健康的危害作了详尽的阐述，介绍了国内外研究现状，提出了空气污染经济损失估算的方法。