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461.
A. Azadeh Z. Jiryaei Sharahi B. Ashjari M. Saberi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1159-1182
This study proposes a flexible intelligent algorithm for assessment and optimization of demographic features on integrated health, safety, and environment and ergonomics (HSEE)-ISO systems among operators of a gas transmission refinery. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSEE and ISO standards are completed by 80 operators. Demographic features include age, education, gender, weight, stature, marital status, and work type. The average results for each category of HSEE are used as inputs and effectiveness of ISO systems (ISO 18000, ISO 14000, and ISO 9000) are used as output for the intelligent algorithm. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in addition to conventional regression are used in this paper. Result shows the applicability and superiority of the flexible intelligent algorithm over conventional methods through mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Computational results show that the proposed ANN performs better than ANFIS and conventional regressions based on its relative error. Finally, the optimum mix of demographic variables from viewpoint of HSEE and ISO are identified. This is the first study that proposes a flexible intelligent algorithm for assessment of optimum mix of demographic features for HSEE and ISO systems in a complex system such as a gas transmission refinery. 相似文献
462.
Yujia Huang Ting Zhang Jianing Lou Peng Wang Lei Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(5):66
463.
采用美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型,对乌鲁木齐市饮用水源地中的邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)通过饮水途径致人体健康危害风险进行初步评价。结果显示,乌鲁木齐市地表饮用水源地的2种PAEs[邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二四酸二丁酯(DBP)]浓度全部达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)特定项目标准限值要求,DEHP总检出率达58.3%~100.0%,DBP总检出率达100%,DEHP通过饮水途径引起的致癌和非致癌总风险数量级达10^(-10)~10^(-8),DBP通过饮水途径引起的非致癌风险数量级达10^(-13)~10^(-11)。乌鲁木齐市地下饮用水源地的DEHP浓度全部达到《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)中Ⅰ类标准限值要求,总检出率达66.7%~100.0%,通过饮水途径引起的总风险数量级分布中,城市集中式饮用水源地为10^(-10)~10^(-9),县城(区)饮用水源地为10^(-10)~10^(-8)。地表和地下饮用水源地的致癌和非致癌总风险均低于US EPA和国际癌症机构(ICRP)的最大可接受风险水平,并低于瑞典环境保护署、荷兰建设和环境署以及英国皇家协会的最大可接受风险水平,处于Ⅰ级,低风险状态。 相似文献
464.
Time-dependent recordkeeping fatigue among youth completing health diaries of unintentional injuries
PROBLEM: Increasingly, investigators are asking youth to self-report daily activity patterns and health outcomes in diary studies. This study assesses recordkeeping fatigue with respect to data quality and event reporting among youth participating in a health diary study. METHOD: Unintentional injury data were collected during a 13-week longitudinal diary study of Ohio youth exposed to agricultural hazards. Two analyses were conducted using data from 2000. Analysis 1 examined trends in discernable recordkeeping errors (DREs) over the course of follow-up. Analysis 2 assessed trends in injury reporting over follow-up. RESULTS: The percentage of items containing a DRE showed a slight, non-significant decline throughout follow-up. Injury reporting declined significantly (p<0.001) over follow-up. SUMMARY: There was no compelling evidence of respondent fatigue with respect to DREs. The observed decline in injury reporting is problematic because estimates of youth injury incidence in health diary studies may vary depending upon the length of the follow-up period. 相似文献
465.
Blackstock TH Burrows CR Howe EA Stevens DP Stevens JP 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(1):224-231
Estimates of terrestrial Broad Habitat cover for Wales from the Countryside Survey 2000 stratified sample field mapping programme in Britain are compared with the findings of a full census field mapping project, the Habitat Survey of Wales. The Countryside Survey sampling regime comprised a stratified random sample of 1 km squares [corrected] covering <0.5% of the land surface. Comparative assessment indicates that although few of the sample-derived estimates for individual Broad Habitats are within 30% of the full census survey results, relative extents accord with data from the complete census survey for all Broad Habitats apart from Arable & Horticultural. The accuracy of this estimate is improved when the national boundary of Wales is taken into account in the sample stratification scheme. It is suggested that cultural land-use differences between countries render cropland habitat extent less predictable from physical environmental parameters than semi-natural habitat extent. It is also shown that the precision of sample-derived cover estimates is influenced by habitat pattern: the error term associated with habitats of broadly equal extent is greater for those with the most clumped distributions. 相似文献
466.
An integrated assessment model of carbon sequestration benefits: a case study of Liping county, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Caldwell IM Maclaren VW Chen JM Ju WM Zhou S Yin Y Boland A 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(3):757-773
This research attempts to model the complexity of planting trees to increase China's CO(2) sequestration potential by using a GIS-based integrated assessment (IA) approach. We use the IA model to assess the impact of China's Grain for Green reforestation and afforestation program on farmer and state incomes as well as CO(2) sequestration in Liping County, Guizhou Province. The IA model consists of five sub-models for carbon sequestration, crop income, timber income, Grain for Green, and carbon credits. It also includes a complementary qualitative module for assessing program impacts by gender and ethnicity. Using four scenarios with various assumptions about types of trees planted, crop incomes by township, CO(2) credit prices, state subsidies, methods for estimating carbon sequestered, and harvesting of trees, we find great variation in the impact of the Grain for Green program on incomes and on carbon sequestered over a 48 year period at both the county and township levels. 相似文献
467.
Multi-tenure reserve networks aim to connect areas managed for biodiversity conservation across public and private land and address the impacts of fragmentation on both biotic and social systems. The operation and function of Australian multi-tenure reserve networks as perceived by their land managers was investigated. Overall, the conservation of natural assets was the most frequently reported primary reason for involvement in a network. The perceived aims of the respective networks largely reflected the response identified for involvement and management. Over 88% of managers considered their involvement in multi-tenure reserve networks to be a positive or very positive experience. A lack of resources and time for management were considered major limitations of these networks. The majority (80%) of private land managers within networks were willing to be included in a national reserve system of conservation lands. As the Australian National Reserve System currently incorporates mostly public land, these findings have important and potentially positive implications for a greater role for protected private land. 相似文献
468.
469.
470.
Questions of equity, justice, and fairness in the international agricultural adaptation regime have emerged in recent years, prompting interest in regime power dynamics. Here, a three-dimensional conceptual framework of ‘power as domination’ is applied to the UNFCCC adaptation regime. We argue that this ‘power-over’ framing is an important lens through which to view adaptation, a field dominated by ‘power-to’, capacity-based constructs. The framework distinguishes between power-over manifesting through decision-making, agenda setting and preference shaping. Through a literature review we demonstrate that first and second dimension behavioral views of power-over fail to account for the subtle ways in which the interests and preferences of smallholder farmers are unknowingly shaped and restricted within the regime. Potential sources of third dimension preference shaping power are explored in a survey with high-level decision makers involved in National Adaptation Plans (NAP) development in seven countries. The results suggest that several inter-related features of the international agriculture adaptation regime collectively contribute to the shaping of interests and preferences of smallholders: prevailing discourses of uncertainty and the perceived limited capacity of smallholders; the resulting privileged status of ‘expert’ decision makers; the predominance of neoliberal development rationalities; and systemic biases resulting from the nation state as the principle unit of UNFCCC negotiation. These forces lie beyond the explanatory scope of first and second dimensions of power-over and help to explain why stakeholder engagement in adaptation decision making remains superficial in nature and why adaptation responses in agriculture can be considered ‘common and non-differentiated’. We argue for increased awareness of third dimension manifestations and impacts of power in adaptation literature to facilitate the improved participation of marginalized stakeholders in UNFCCC and domestic adaptation decision making forums, to increase the diversity of adaptation options available to smallholders, and ultimately, to improve the attribution of responsibility for adaptation outcomes. 相似文献