Novice teen driving: GDL and beyond

The Symposium on Novice Teen Driving: GDL and Beyond--Research Foundations for Policy and Practice, held in Tucson, AZ, on February 5-7, 2007, provided a detailed overview of graduated driver licensing (GDL) and other beginning driver issues in the United States. This paper summarizes the information presented at the Symposium and in its background papers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This information and summary should help all interested persons and organizations, including industry, in their efforts to improve GDL and teen driver programs in the United States, which in turn will further reduce traffic crashes and fatalities involving teenage drivers.     

Extending parental mentoring using an event-triggered video intervention in rural teen drivers

Teen drivers are at high risk for car crashes, especially during their first years of licensure. Providing novice teen drivers and their parents with a means of identifying their risky driving maneuvers may help them learn from their mistakes, thereby reducing their crash propensity. During the initial phase of learning, adult or parental supervision often provides such guidance. However, once teens obtain their license, adult supervision is no longer mandated, and teens are left to themselves to continue the learning process. This study is the first of its type to enhance this continued learning process using an event-triggered video device. By pairing this new technology with parental feedback in the form of a weekly video review and graphical report card, we extend parents' ability to teach their teens even after they begin driving independently. Twenty-six 16- to 17-year-old drivers were recruited from a small U.S. Midwestern rural high school. We equipped their vehicles with an event-triggered video device, designed to capture 20-sec clips of the forward and cabin views whenever the vehicle exceeded lateral or forward threshold accelerations. Preliminary findings suggest that combining this emerging technology with parental weekly review of safety-relevant incidents resulted in a significant decrease in events for the more at-risk teen drivers. Implications for how such an intervention could be implemented within GDL are also discussed.     

长江经济带PM2.5空间异质性和驱动因素的地理探测

基于地面站点监测数据,运用空间自相关分析和地理探测器等模型方法,探究了2018年长江经济带PM_2.5污染的时空分异特征与驱动因素.结果表明：（1）长江经济带PM_2.5浓度呈明显的夏低冬高、春秋居中的季节变化、 U形月度变化和脉冲型逐日变化特征,低值区集中在上游的南岸地区,高值区位于中下游的江北地区;（2）流域PM_2.5污染存在稳定的空间正相关,局部空间关联格局展现显著的HH型和LL型的空间趋同现象;（3）长江经济带PM_2.5空间相关强度随地理距离的增大而减小,其空间自相关性阈值约为870 km,在该范围内PM_2.5空间集聚性较为强烈;（4）自然和人文因子对PM_2.5影响程度具有显著的空间差异性特征,海拔高度、地形起伏度和人口密度是长江流域PM_2.5污染的高作用力影响因子.因子交互作用后对PM_2.5污染解释力远超单因子,主导交互因子为产业结构∩海拔高度,反映出长江流域大气污染的驱动因素具有复杂性特征.