垃圾渗滤液脱氮新方法综述

有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氮是一项艰巨的任务,传统的先硝化后反硝化处理方法存在的主要问题是反硝化阶段碳源不足和总氮去除效率过低。研究中研究人员提出了好氧反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和短程硝化反硝化等新方法。好氧反硝化菌可以利用硝化过程中充足的碳源进行反硝化;厌氧氨氧化是在缺氧条件下,以NO-2为电子受体,直接把氨氧化成N2;短程硝化反硝化将脱氮过程控制在亚硝化阶段,不但节省了反硝化过程中的碳源,而且减少了能量的消耗。本文对这些方法及其在实践的应用进行了论述。     

Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh

This paper reports the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system in Bangladesh for the treatment of a tannery wastewater. The system consisted of three treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF) and a VF wetland. The wetlands were planted with common reed (Phragmites australis), but employed different media, including organic coco-peat, cupola slag and pea gravel. In the first stage, experimental results demonstrated significant removal of ammonia (52%), nitrate (54%), BOD (78%), and COD (56%) under high organics loading rate (690 g COD m⁻² d⁻¹); simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics degradation were attributed to the unique characteristics of the coco-peat media, which allowed greater atmospheric oxygen transfer for nitrification and organic degradation, and supply of organic carbon for denitrification. The second stage HF wetland produced an average PO₄ removal of 61%, primarily due to adsorption by the iron-rich cupola slag media. In the third treatment stage, which was filled with gravel media, further BOD removal (78%) from the tannery wastewater depleted organic carbon, causing the accumulation of NO₃ in the wastewater. Overall, the average percentage removals of NH₃-N, NO₃-N, BOD, COD, and PO₄ were 86%, 50%, 98%, 98% and 87%, respectively, across the whole hybrid system. The results provided a strong evidence to support widespread research and application of the constructed wetland as a low-cost, energy-efficient, wastewater treatment technology in Bangladesh.     

Measuring biomass specific ammonium, nitrite and phosphate uptake rates in aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology offers the possibility to remove organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a single reactor system. The granular structure is stratified in such a way that both aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic layers are present. Since most of the biological processes in AGS systems occur simultaneously, the measurement and estimation of the capacity of specific conversions is complicated compared to suspended biomass. The determination of the activities of different functional groups in aerobic granular sludge allows for identification of the potential metabolic capacity of the sludge and aids to analyze bioreactor performance. It allows for comparison of different sludges and enables improved understanding of the interaction and competition between different metabolic groups of microorganisms. The most appropriate experimental conditions and methods to determine specific ammonium, nitrite and phosphate uptake rates under normal operation of AGS reactors were evaluated and described in this study. Extra biomass characterization experiments determining the maximum uptake rate of these compounds on optimized conditions were performed as well to see how much spare capacity was available. The methodologies proposed may serve as an experimental frame of reference for investigating the metabolic capacities of microbial functional groups in biofilm processes.     

高效生物脱氮途径短程硝化——反硝化

本文对短程硝化--反硝化生物脱氮技术的研究和应用进行了简要综述,并指出了该技术的特点和应用价值.     

游离氨对稳定生物亚硝化的影响分析

在稳定亚硝化期亚硝化菌的竞争优势形成以后，它对FA的变化不是非常敏感，游离氨的作用主要在于提供了一个有利于亚硝化的竞争环境。稳定亚硝化期的两类硝化菌所表现出的反应活性与系统中两类硝化菌在FA抑制环境中竞争所形成的优劣态势关系紧密。将稳定亚硝化期的平均FA浓度维持在7～10mg／L左右是合适的，FA大于15mg／L以后会对亚硝化菌形成抑制。亚硝化系统中即使通过各种途径抑制硝化菌的活性，也不能使其被完全抑制或消除、洗出。当抑制作用减弱或环境条件适宜时硝化菌很快就能恢复活性，杆状絮体是良好亚硝化现象的特征污泥相。     

厌氧氨氧化混培菌的获得及其运行条件

采用了好氧活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥混合接种的方法 ,成功地启动了实验室规模的厌氧氨氧化反应器 ,启动后含氨模拟废水运行的进水氨浓度和进水亚硝基氮浓度均为 2 0 mmol/ L ,氨氮、亚硝基氮和总氮的容积负荷率为10 .69mmol/ L·d,12 .2 6mmol/ L· d和 3 94.5 5 mg/ L·d,氨氮、亚硝基氮和总氮的去除率保持在 90 %、99%和 95 %以上 ,对运行条件研究表明 ,厌氧氨氧化反应的最适 p H为 7～ 7.5 ,最适温度约在 3 0± 1℃。厌氧氨氧化随亚硝酸盐浓度的升高而下降 ,氨的厌氧转化随 COD浓度的增加也呈抑制型曲线 ,当 COD浓度为 80 0± 5 0 mg/ L 时 ,厌氧氨氧化速率达到最大     

固定化微生物脱氮

应用固定化微生物技术开展单级生物脱氮的研究。结果表明，固定化硝化与反硝化混合污泥可以实现单级生物脱氮，效果好于未固定化污泥，氨氧化速率和总无机氮的脱中分别提高到未固定化污泥的１．７倍和１３．４倍。结果还表明光硬化树脂也是一种较好的固定化介质。     

处理高氮公厕污水改进A/O工艺试验研究

根据旅游区公厕污水水质水量特征,采用常规A/O工艺以武汉市动物园公厕化粪池污水为实例进行研究.试验证明A/O工艺虽能有效去除水中COD,但NH 4-N的去除率较低,难以超过60%.针对此问题,本研究提出了该工艺的改进措施,将好氧段按功能分为二级,即碳氧化段和硝化段.试验结果表明,A/O工艺经改进后,在有效去除COD的同时,NH 4-N去除率由60%上升为80%以上.     

A1-A2- O生物膜系统处理焦化废水试验中好氧段影响因素的研究

试验采用A1-A2-O 生物膜系统处理焦化废水,对好氧段的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,当好氧段HRT为28.1h, 出水pH值为7.7～8.0,剩余碱度为150～200mg/L,池中部加碱,进水C OD负荷＜0.22kg/m3·d,氨氮负荷＜0.05kg/m3·d时,系统对 COD和氨氮的去除率分别可达87%和98%,出水COD浓度平均低于150mg/L ,氨氮浓度低于15mg/L.     

Study on the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate removal. However, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.