硝化污泥低温冲击强化试验

采用完全好氧式膜生物反应器富集耐低温硝化污泥,通过低温冲击强化试验研究硝化污泥的耐低温特性.结果表明,低温对硝化污泥中微生物的群落多样性影响较大,温度越低,微生物多样性越低.低温强化组投加了耐低温高硝化菌含量硝化污泥,使得硝化菌在反应器内生长趋势良好,对低温冲击的恢复更有效果,且低温硝化污泥比中温硝化污泥具有更好的氨氮...     

限量曝气进水时间对硝化颗粒污泥的影响特性研究

缺氧-好氧环境的交替循环对氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌具有重要影响.本研究通过逐渐增加限量曝气进水时间(从10 min至120 min)延长缺氧时段,考察柱形SBR中硝化颗粒污泥对不同缺氧-好氧环境交替循环的响应特性.整个研究过程中,硝化颗粒污泥保持着稳定的颗粒特征,粒径大于0.8 mm的颗粒污泥占总污泥量的质量分数始终在95%以上,颗粒平均沉降速率维持在125～130 m·h-1之间.尽管缺氧时段不断延长,但NH+4-N去除率和NO-2-N累积率分别稳定在(60±5)%、(85±5)%;此外,在每个周期的曝气反应时段,NH+4-N的去除速率以及NO-2-N和NO-3-N的累积速率分别保持在90mg·(L·h)-1、70 mg·(L·h)-1和15 mg·(L·h)-1左右.以上结果表明,限量进水时间的延长及其所造成的不同时间跨度的缺氧环境对硝化颗粒污泥没有较为显著的影响.     

Roles of ATP-dependent N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in aerobic granulation

Aerobic granules which form through a cell-to-cell self-immobilization process have been intensively studied and developed for wastewater biotreatment. However, the microbiological origin of this phenomenon is still largely unknown. This study investigated the possible role of metabolic energy in the development of aerobic granules. Results showed that aerobic granulation was positively related to ATP-dependent N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) production. Inhibited ATP synthesis by a chemical uncoupler, 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide, led to significant reduction of AHLs and EPSs production, which in turn prevented aerobic granulation. This study for the first time demonstrated the involvement of ATP-dependent AHLs in aerobic granulation.     

ABR-好氧颗粒污泥处理黄连素废水的启动研究

实验研究了ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺处理黄连素制药废水的启动运行,通过分析发现,ABR装置在HRT为4 d,黄连素浓度为50 mg/L的运行方式下成功启动,反应器运行稳定后每个格室MLSS平均值分别为25 840、21 560、27 500和11 200 mg/L。以ABR出水为营养物,成功培养出粒径在2～10 mm,沉降速率为104～137 m/h,沉降性能优良的好氧颗粒污泥。该组合工艺在启动实验的末期,进水COD浓度为3 000～4 000 mg/L左右,出水COD浓度到达168.4～271mg/L,系统总的去除率保持在90%～95%之间,表明ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺能够有效地处理黄连素制药废水。     

The influence of storage on the morphology and physiology of phthalic acid-degrading aerobic granules

The precultured aerobic granules with special degradabilities could be used as a feasible bioseed for enhancement of aerobic granulation systems. In practice, the storage stability, physicochemical characteristics, and recovering efficiency of granules are crucial for a long-distance transportation and successful application. In this study, phthalic acid (PA)-degrading aerobic granules were cultivated and stored for 8 wk at 4 °C. The granular size, settling ability as well as structure integrity was found stable during the storage period. It was observed that the upper 1/3 part of granules stored in the reagent bottle turned to black color, while the lower 2/3 part granules did not significantly change color (brown–yellow) after the 8-wk storage. The black and brown–yellow color PA-degrading granules were manually separated and re-inoculated into two identical sequencing batch reactors for reviving the PA degradation capability. After a 7 d operation, both black and yellow granules restored their activities to the levels before storage, in terms of total organic carbon removal efficiency (100%), specific oxygen uptake rate (59 mg g VSS⁻¹ h⁻¹), and adenosine triphosphate content (0.016 mg g VSS⁻¹). This study demonstrated that aerobic granules grown on a complex substrate could tolerate storage conditions and rapidly restored their bioactivities toward the target pollutant. The results also shed the light on the future application of precultured aerobic granules with unique functions for biodegradation and bioremediation purpose.     

降解五氯酚(PCP)的微氧颗粒污泥的形成机理

在微氧条件及剧毒性的五氯酚存在下,研究了活性污泥的颗粒化机理.在污泥培养过程中对污泥性质、外观进行观察,并利用扫描电镜对微生物相进行分析.结果表明,在颗粒化初始阶段诱导核的存在对絮体起着凝集作用,该阶段的微生物以丝状菌为主;在形成阶段,二价金属阳离子含量以及ECPs中PN/PS比值增加,丝状菌形成三维框架结构;而在颗粒污泥形成后的增长阶段,SVI值下降至较低的水平,形成表面光滑的完整颗粒,颗粒内杆菌、球菌占优势,含水率的明显下降表明质子跨膜迁移引起的细胞脱水作用变得显著.     

预加好氧颗粒对SBR中好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响

以活性污泥曝气池中的絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,采用人工配制的模拟生活污水,通过观测颗粒形态和粒径的变化,研究预先加入15%成熟好氧颗粒污泥对好氧颗粒污泥形成过程的影响.对比研究发现,2个反应器内小颗粒（0 .1～0 .3　cm）的形成均较快,但大颗粒的形成速度相差明显.培养过程中还能明显观察到丝状菌缠绕和絮状污泥黏附在小颗粒表面.反应器启动第1、7、14 d,污泥平均体积粒径分别从0 .10、0 .16 cm上升到0 .23、0 .30 cm,最终达到0 .28、0 .43 cm.研究结果表明,预先加入15%成熟好氧颗粒污泥,能加速好氧颗粒污泥在反应器内形成.     

不同表观气速对好氧颗粒污泥净化苯酚废气的影响

实验设置了0.7、1.2、2.0、2.5和3.0 cm·s-1 5个不同表观气速,考察其对好氧颗粒污泥净化苯酚废气的影响.研究发现当表观气速在0.7～3.0 cm·s-1之间时,好氧颗粒污泥表现出良好的稳定性,苯酚去除率达到95%以上.随着表观气速的提高好氧颗粒污泥各项理化指标均有不同程度的改善,胞外多聚物(extra...     

Continuous nitrifying granular sludge bioreactor: Influence of aeration and ammonium loading rate

Granulation of nitrifying bacteria was investigated in a continuous bubble column bioreactor. Then, the combined effect of aeration and ammonium loading rates on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration as well as nitrification process was evaluated in the system using an experimental design technique. After 120 days, stable nitrifying granules with average diameter of 1.4 mm and settling velocities of 55 m/h were obtained. The influence of increasing ammonium loading rate (ALR) was found to be more significant than decreasing aeration rate on the reduction of DO concentration inside the nitrifying bioreactor. The system could handle the ALR values of 0.48–1.92 gNH₄⁺-N/L d with the ammonium removal efficiency from 65% to nearly 100% at the tested airflow rates of 2.5 and 4.5 L/min. At the low aeration, the complete ammonium conversion to nitrate was replaced with nitrite when the ALR increased to 1.44 gNH₄⁺-N/L d. At the high aeration, however, almost complete nitrification was achieved except the high ALR in which the nitrite accumulation was observed up to 38%. The study demonstrated that the continuous bioreactor had a considerable performance for obtaining stable nitrifying granules to have nitrite accumulation under control with changing the ratio of aeration rate and ALR.     

剪切应力对好氧颗粒污泥形态结构和微生物活性的影响机制研究

对不同剪切应力(0.189、0.267、0.327和0.377 N/m2)下4个序批式反应器(SBR)中好氧颗粒污泥的形态结构、比耗氧速率(SOUR)以及胞外聚合物进行了对比分析.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥具有稳定的基本形态特征,其微生物主要由杆菌、球菌和丝状菌组成;其中杆菌能承受高剪切作用.是剪切应力为0.377 N/m2时的优势菌群.4个反应器中污泥粒径分布范围分别为0.2-0.5、0.5-1.5、0.5-1.5和0.3-0.5 mm;SOUR分别为34.54、40.08、46.26和46.42 mg/(g·h),胞外多聚糖分别为59.71、66-81、80.88和109.99 mg/g,胞外蛋白质分别为9.29、9.80、12.35和17.02 mg/g.好氧颗粒污泥比耗氧速率SOUR和胞外聚合物与剪切应力有很好的正相关性.确定了好氧颗粒污泥微生物活性与剪切应力的响应关系.