颗粒型厌氧生物膜改善高氢分压下丙酸降解抑制研究

为了改善氢辅助型原位沼气提纯系统中高氢分压对丙酸降解的抑制, 考察了不同颗粒型厌氧生物膜(有无载体、导电和非导电载体) 培养初期和末期的丙酸降解性能;并通过微生物形态和群落分析,探讨了颗粒型生物膜丙酸降解机制.结果表明,导电碳毡厌氧生物膜和厌氧颗粒污泥能有效改善高氢分压下丙酸降解抑制问题.其最大丙酸降解速率分别达到2.2,1.2mmol/(L·h).碳毡厌氧生物膜可能主要通过产酸细菌(Thermovirga、Levilinea、Syntrophomonas属)和产甲烷古菌(Methanosaeta属)的电子直接传递(DIET)途径实现丙酸的降解;而厌氧颗粒污泥降解丙酸的途径可能主要依靠产酸细菌(Syntrophobacter属)与嗜氢型甲烷菌(Methanolinea 、Methanobacterium属)的共生营养代谢过程.     

SNAD反应器中颗粒污泥和絮体污泥脱氮特性

通过血清瓶批试研究了温度为30℃时, SNAD(simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidization and denitrification)反应器内的颗粒污泥R1(1~2.5mm)和絮体污泥R2(0~0.25mm)的脱氮特性. 结果表明,颗粒污泥的好氧氨氮和好氧亚硝态氮氧化活性分别为0.166,0kgN/(kg VSS×d).厌氧氨氧化、亚硝态氮反硝化、硝态氮反硝化总氮去除速率分别为0.158,0.105,0.094kgN/(kg VSS×d).絮体污泥的好氧氨氮氧化活性和好氧亚硝态氮氧化活性分别为 0.180,0kgN/(kg VSS×d).厌氧氨氧化、亚硝态氮反硝化、硝态氮反硝化总氮去除速率分别为0.026,0.096,0.108kgN/(kg VSS×d).颗粒污泥和絮体污泥都具有良好的亚硝化性能和反硝化性能.颗粒污泥的厌氧氨氧化性能良好,絮体污泥的厌氧氨氧化性能较差.扫描电镜显示,在SNAD颗粒污泥的表面主要是一些短杆菌和球状菌.在SNAD颗粒污泥中心区域主要为火山口状细菌.在絮体污泥中,同时存在短杆菌,球状菌和火山口状细菌.     

Organic and nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors

Granule sequencing batch reactors (GSBR) were established for landfill leachate treatment, and the COD removal was analyzed kinetically using a modified model. Results showed that COD removal rate decreased as influent ammonium concentration increasing. Characteristics of nitrogen removal at different influent ammonium levels were also studied. When the ammonium concentration in the landfill leachate was 366 mg L⁻¹, the dominant nitrogen removal process in the GSBR was simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Under the ammonium concentration of 788 mg L⁻¹, nitrite accumulation occurred and the accumulated nitrite was reduced to nitrogen gas by the shortcut denitrification process. When the influent ammonium increased to a higher level of 1105 mg L⁻¹, accumulation of nitrite and nitrate lasted in the whole cycle, and the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and ammonium decreased to only 35.0% and 39.3%, respectively. Results also showed that DO was a useful process controlling parameter for the organics and nitrogen removal at low ammonium input.     

Influence of microbial community structure of seed sludge on the properties of aerobic nitrifying granules

In order to evaluate the influence of microbial community structure of seed sludge on the properties of aerobic nitrifying granules, these granules were cultivated with different seed sludge, and the variation of microbial community and dominant bacterial groups that impact the nitrogen removal efficiency of the aerobic nitrifying granules were analyzed and identified using 16s rDNA sequence and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles. The results presented here demonstrated that the influence of the community structure of seed sludge on the properties of aerobic nitrifying granules was remarkable, and the granules cultivated by activated sludge from a beer wastewater treatment plant showed better performance, with a stable sludge volume index (SVI) value of 20 mL/g, high extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content of 183.3 mg/L, high NH₄⁺-N removal rate of 89.42% and abundant microbial population with 10 dominant bacterial groups. This indicated that activated sludge with abundant communities is suitable for use as seed sludge in culturing aerobic nitrifying granules.     

反硝化颗粒污泥研究

采用上流式污泥床(UpflowSludgeBlanket简称为USB)反应器进行生物反硝化,在基质中添加较高浓度钙离子(300mgCa2+/L)条件下,系统中形成了大量颗粒污泥。本试验对USB反应器进行生物反硝化过程的颗粒污泥的形态、组成、结构进行了定性的研究,并对其不稳定性可能原因进行了分析。     

生物接触氧化预处理微污染源水中BOD5的测定

在微污染源水生物预处理中,由于生物池内和处理后的出水中含有大量硝化细菌,使BOD5测定结果偏大.提出在测定这类水样时,加入硝化细菌抑制剂,可以消除硝化作用的影响.     

硝化颗粒污泥的快速培养及其硝化特性分析

以好氧颗粒污泥接种小试柱形SBR,采用自配无机氨氮废水为进水,在中温（28～30℃）条件下通过逐步提升进水NH4^＋-N浓度（100～650mg／L）和缩短水力停留时间（8～4h）快速培养硝化颗粒污泥。实验结果证实,以好氧颗粒污泥接种可以促使硝化颗粒污泥快速形成,36d时粒径〉0．21mm的颗粒污泥占总数的93％,颗粒污泥NH4-N比去除速率为50．53mgNH4^＋-N／（gSS·h）。硝化颗粒污泥具有良好的短程硝化性能,亚硝酸盐产生速率和累积率分别保持在3．3kgNO2-N／（m^3·d）和85％以上。反应初期高FA和反应末期高FNA的共同抑制是该研究中实现和维持稳定短程硝化的关键因素。     

城市生活污水SNAD工艺的启动研究

采用SBR反应器,以城市生活污水为原水,进行同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化(SNAD)工艺的启动研究.首先接种厌氧氨氧化(anammox)颗粒污泥,在高曝气量下(500L/h)培养得到亚硝化颗粒污泥,然后再次接种anammox颗粒污泥,在低曝气量下(40L/h)培养得到SNAD颗粒污泥.在亚硝化稳定期,氨氮平均去除率达到94%,亚硝态氮平均积累率达到95%.在SNAD稳定期,总氮平均去除率为85%.批试实验结果表明,亚硝化稳定期亚硝化颗粒污泥的好氧氨氮和亚硝态氮氧化活性分别为为0.234和0kgN/(kgVSS×d).SNAD颗粒污泥的厌氧氨氧化总氮去除、亚硝态氮反硝化、好氧氨氮氧化、好氧亚硝态氮氧化活性分别为0.158、0.104、0.281、0kg/(kgVSS×d),其中硝态氮反硝化活性在0~120min和120~360min内分别为0.061和0.104kg/(kgVSS×d).扫描电镜显示,SNAD颗粒污泥表面以短杆状菌和球状菌为主,可能为好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)和反硝化菌,颗粒污泥内部以火山口状的细菌为主,可能为anammox菌.     

荧光原位杂交法在活性污泥硝化细菌检测中的应用

采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)法对活性污泥样品中的硝化细菌进行了检测研究。与传统方法相比,FISH法具有快速便捷的特点,可原位检测出活性污泥菌胶团上的硝化细菌的分布情况,结合稀释的方法,可对环境样品中的硝化细菌进行定量分析。此法既可定性,又可对环境中的硝化细菌进行直接计数,为研究硝化细菌类群的空间和数量分布提供有效的检测工具。     

好氧颗粒污泥藻酸盐提取物的聚集形态研究

为探寻细菌藻酸盐对好氧污泥颗粒化的作用,借鉴海藻酸盐的提取方法,将好氧颗粒污泥中的细菌藻酸盐提取和鉴定后,对10～500mg·L-1,范围内不同浓度的藻酸盐提取物在50mg·L-1CaCl2溶液中的聚集形态进行了原子力显微镜观察.结果表明,细菌藻酸盐占好氧颗粒污泥干重的35.1%±1.9%.在CaCl2作用下,藻酸盐提取物具有从无序聚集成有序状态的超分子自组装特性,随着浓度的增加,藻酸盐提取物自发聚集,由纳米级的胶束微球聚集为微米级的花状,进而连接成网状成层堆积.好氧颗粒污泥中细菌藻酸盐通过形成具有三维空间结构的细菌藻酸盐-金属凝胶而对颗粒污泥的形成起骨架作用.其中,细菌藻酸盐-Ca2 凝胶在颗粒污泥的形成和维持其稳定结构中起主要作用.