Nitrite pre-treatment of dewatered sludge for microbial fuel cell application

The effect of pre-treatment of dewatered sludge using different nitrite concentrations and pH for microbial fuel cell (MFC) application was investigated. The results show that the addition of nitrite was feasible to increase the solubilization rate of the sludge and may reduce mass transfer limitation at the anode. This helped the MFC to reach higher voltage and to generate more power. The higher free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration under the acidic condition helped to increase sludge solubilization. However, under an alkaline condition, during which the FNA concentration was relatively low, the solubilization of the sludge was higher. The highest voltage and power density produced was 390?mV and 153?mW/m², respectively, with the addition of nitrite at 100?mg-N/L and pH?9. Furthermore, it was found that elevated levels of FNA could inhibit electrogenic bacteria thus reducing power generation.     

对硝基苯胺－H酸分光光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐

为提高光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐的分析灵敏度，利用亚硝酸离子在盐酸介质中与对硝基苯胺发生重氮化反应，然后在碱性介质中与Ｈ酸偶联，生成紫红色偶氮化合物。对实验条件进行了试验，提出了污染水中亚硝酸盐的测定方法，其最大吸收波长λｍａｘ＝５７４ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε５７４＝４．８×１０４。此方法简便、快速、选择性好，灵敏度高，测定结果可靠。     

SBR短程脱氮系统中亚硝酸盐积累对生物除磷的影响

采用SBR工艺处理实际生活污水,通过控制好氧段的DO浓度及曝气时间,实现了短程硝化反硝化,并考察了短程硝化引起的亚硝酸盐积累对生物除磷系统的影响.结果表明,在没有补充外碳源的情况下,好氧阶段NO2--N的积累低于10 mg·L-1时,聚磷菌的吸磷及放磷能力没有受到影响,好氧出水磷浓度基本维持在1 mg·L-1以下;当N...     

辽河盘锦段与河口海域水体氮素分布特征及其与溶解氧的关系

选取辽河盘锦段至河口近岸海域区域进行研究水体中氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的分布特征及其与溶解氧的关系进行研究。结果表明水中氮素含量高于海水,且氨氮表现尤为突出,可能与水体中溶解氧含量和微生物环境、海水的稀释和迁移有很大关系;河水中氮素与溶解氧的呈显著负相关,而海水中氮素与溶解氧的关系不明显。这可能与海水的质化作用有关。     

环境样品保存过程中氮的转化规律

通过对环境样品保存过程中NH3-N、NO2-N、NO3-N及总氮的测定来研究水样中氮转化规律,找出三氯在一定条件下相互转化规律关系,提高环境样品中三个分析项目的分析准确性,正确反应环境样品中的真实情况。对于认识水体中氮的循环,防止水体污染,保护水域环境,充分利用开发水资源有着十分重要的意义。     

New method for efficient control of hydrogen sulfide and methane in gravity sewers: Combination of NaOH and nitrite

• The combination of NaOH and nitrite was used to control harmful gas in sewers. • Hydrogen sulfide and methane in airspace were reduced by 96.01% and 91.49%. • Changes in sewage quality and greenhouse effect by chemical dosing were negligible. • The strong destructive effects on biofilm slowed down the recovery of harmful gases. • The cost of the method was only 3.92 × 10⁻³ $/m³. An innovative treatment method by the combination of NaOH and nitrite is proposed for controlling hydrogen sulfide and methane in gravity sewers and overcome the drawbacks of the conventional single chemical treatment. Four reactors simulating gravity sewers were set up to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. Findings demonstrated hydrogen sulfide and methane reductions of about 96.01% and 91.49%, respectively, by the combined addition of NaOH and nitrite. The consumption of NaNO₂ decreased by 42.90%, and the consumption rate of NaOH also showed a downward trend. Compared with a single application of NaNO₂, the C/N ratio of wastewater was increased to about 0.61 mg COD/mg N. The greenhouse effect of intermediate N₂O and residual methane was about 48.80 gCO₂/m³, which is far lower than that of methane without control (260 gCO₂/m³). Biofilm was destroyed to prevent it from entering the sewage by the chemical additives, which reduced the biomass and inhibited the recovery of biofilm activity to prolong the control time. The sulfide production rate and sulfate reduction rate were reduced by 92.32% and 85.28%, respectively. Compared with conventional control methods, the cost of this new method was only 3.92 × 10⁻³ $/m³, which is potentially a cost-effective strategy for sulfide and methane control in gravity sewers.     

Continuous nitrifying granular sludge bioreactor: Influence of aeration and ammonium loading rate

Granulation of nitrifying bacteria was investigated in a continuous bubble column bioreactor. Then, the combined effect of aeration and ammonium loading rates on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration as well as nitrification process was evaluated in the system using an experimental design technique. After 120 days, stable nitrifying granules with average diameter of 1.4 mm and settling velocities of 55 m/h were obtained. The influence of increasing ammonium loading rate (ALR) was found to be more significant than decreasing aeration rate on the reduction of DO concentration inside the nitrifying bioreactor. The system could handle the ALR values of 0.48–1.92 gNH₄⁺-N/L d with the ammonium removal efficiency from 65% to nearly 100% at the tested airflow rates of 2.5 and 4.5 L/min. At the low aeration, the complete ammonium conversion to nitrate was replaced with nitrite when the ALR increased to 1.44 gNH₄⁺-N/L d. At the high aeration, however, almost complete nitrification was achieved except the high ALR in which the nitrite accumulation was observed up to 38%. The study demonstrated that the continuous bioreactor had a considerable performance for obtaining stable nitrifying granules to have nitrite accumulation under control with changing the ratio of aeration rate and ALR.     

亚硝酸根的光度测定法

根据国内外１０９篇文章，对测定环境样品亚硝酸根的分光光度法（重氮连反应及亚硝化反应）、荧光光度法、动力学光度法及计算光度法等１００多种分析方法进行了评述。     

游离氨对稳定生物亚硝化的影响分析

在稳定亚硝化期亚硝化菌的竞争优势形成以后，它对FA的变化不是非常敏感，游离氨的作用主要在于提供了一个有利于亚硝化的竞争环境。稳定亚硝化期的两类硝化菌所表现出的反应活性与系统中两类硝化菌在FA抑制环境中竞争所形成的优劣态势关系紧密。将稳定亚硝化期的平均FA浓度维持在7～10mg／L左右是合适的，FA大于15mg／L以后会对亚硝化菌形成抑制。亚硝化系统中即使通过各种途径抑制硝化菌的活性，也不能使其被完全抑制或消除、洗出。当抑制作用减弱或环境条件适宜时硝化菌很快就能恢复活性，杆状絮体是良好亚硝化现象的特征污泥相。     

亚硝酸根—番红O重氮化偶联反应机理研究

研究了在酸性介质中，亚硝酸根离子与番红Ｏ偶联反应的机理，并作为光度分析新方法应用于测定亚硝酸根离子，研究表明，在５２０ｎｍ处，试剂空白同试液吸光度的差值与亚硝酸根离子的含量在２０－５００μｇ／Ｌ范围内的成线性关系。方法用于土壤，环境水样中亚硝酸根离子的测定，结果满意。