垃圾渗滤液对潮滩沉积物营养盐污染影响研究

以上海市老港垃扭填埋场附近潮滩为例,研究了垃圾渗滤液的排放对潮滩沉积物营养盐污染负荷的影响,结果表明：由于垃圾渗滤液的排放,潮滩表层沉积物中营养盐N、P的含量显著增加;在向海向上,随距排污口距离的增加表层沉积物中N、P的含量有所降低;受垃圾填埋时间长短的影响。南北线潮滩沉积物中N、P的含量有明显差异,北线沉积物中总无机氮和总无机磷的含量均明显高于南线。柱样沉积物中N、P的含量随深度也呈现一定的变化规律：氨氮含量随深度的增加而增加,总磷含量随深度的增加而减少。     

复合絮凝剂对工业废水氨氮测定的预处理

针对带色浊度高的工业废水中氨氮测定的预处理,提出了使用硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝沉淀法,试验结果表明,方法不仅具有操作简单,试剂用量少,絮凝效果好,去色,去浊度高,且对ｐＨ５－ｐＨ１０是各种带色浊度高的废水都能起到良好的效果,还能提高测定的精密度,其变异系数为１．５％－３．６％,回收率在９５％－１０４％之间,确保数据的准确和可靠。     

Air quality at a snowmobile staging area and snow chemistry on and off trail in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest, Snowy Range, Wyoming

A study was begun in the winter of 2000–2001 and continued through the winter of 2001–2002 to examine air quality at the Green Rock snowmobile staging area at 2,985 m elevation in the Snowy Range of Wyoming. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of winter recreation snowmobile activity on air quality at this high elevation site by measuring levels of nitrogen oxides (NO _x , NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃) and particulate matter (PM₁₀ mass). Snowmobile numbers were higher weekends than weekdays, but numbers were difficult to quantify with an infrared sensor. Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide were significantly higher weekends than weekdays. Ozone and particulate matter were not significantly different during the weekend compared to weekdays. Air quality data during the summer was also compared to the winter data. Carbon monoxide levels at the site were significantly higher during the winter than during the summer. Nitrogen oxides and particulates were significantly higher during the summer compared to winter. Nevertheless, air pollutants were well dispersed and diluted by strong winds common at the site, and it appears that snowmobile emissions did not have a significant impact on air quality at this high elevation ecosystem. Pollutant concentrations were generally low both winter and summer. In a separate study, water chemistry and snow density were measured from snow samples collected on and adjacent to a snowmobile trail. Snow on the trail was significantly denser and significantly more acidic with significantly higher concentrations of sodium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, and sulfate than in snow off the trail. Snowmobile activity had no effect on nitrate levels in snow.     

城市生活污泥和矿化垃圾中氮磷淋失的模拟研究

通过模拟土柱实验,分析了城市生活污泥和矿化垃圾中氮磷的迁移对地下水的影响以及矿化垃圾对氮磷的去除特性.测定项目包括总磷、总氮、硝态氮、pH和电导率(EC).结果表明:施用污泥和矿化垃圾后淋滤液的pH呈下降趋势;EC和总氮都有显著增加;硝态氮增加特别明显,容易造成地下水污染;总磷变化不大,污染地下水的可能性较小.矿化垃圾对氮的去除作用不明显,反而增加了淋滤液中的氮素含量,但对磷的去除效果明显.因此,在利用矿化垃圾取代土壤时,应注意矿化垃圾中氮特别是硝态氮的污染.     

改进倒置A2/O工艺处理生活污水试验研究

对倒置A2/O工艺进行了缺氧池生物挂膜实验,结果表明,在化粪池出水COD有一定波动情况下,缺氧池COD去除率不仅较高且较稳定,有利于后续硝化反应的进行,提高系统的脱氮效果.同时研究了C/N在缺氧池中对脱氮效果的影响,C/N(质量比)     

水中亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌检测方法的探讨

介绍了亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的培养方法,并用MPN法计数亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌.对判断培养物中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐存在的显色反应进行了对比试验.结果表明, 在NO-3的显色反应中,可用氨基磺酸铵溶液作为NO-2的抑制剂,并且要先加入二苯胺,再滴加浓硫酸,这样更便于结果观察.指出硝化细菌培养基对于显色反应没有影响,NO-2显色的质量浓度为0.15 mg/L.     

SBR法处理屠宰废水氨氮升高原因分析及改进措施

通过对水中氮的内循环及氮支出的叙述,分析了屠宰废水经SBR法处理后氨氮升高的原因,并提出了改进措施。     

煤气吹脱解吸法处理含氨废水中氨氮的研究

主要采用"煤气吹脱解吸法"对焦化厂含氨废水中氨氮进行吹脱解吸的优选实验研究。实验的最佳反应条件为:T=80℃,pH=10.2,Q=5L/min(气液比为1500∶1),t=120min,C=0~25 mg/L。处理后废氨水中氨氮脱除率达到96%以上,取得了满意的效果,同时氰、酚和COD也都不同程度地被脱除。经生化处理后,氨氮含量可达到国家排放标准。     

氮氧化物的污染控制对策

详细地介绍了日本针对不同的排放源－－固定源和流动源－－所采取的氮氧化物污染控制对策。对固定源,在实施全国统一的排放标准的基础上,对于一些工厂相对集中、污染问题严重的地区实施总量控制,同时积极促进技术革新以及降低氮氧化物的排放;对流动源所采取的措施有,确定不同车型汽车排放尾气递减的短期目标和长期目标,实施汽车氮氧化物法,积极推进低公害车的普及。通过采取上述措施,在日本,固定源排放的氮氧化物得到了较好     

Testing differences in methods of preparing moss samples

The main objective of this research was to estimate the total mass of nitrogen discharged from various sources in Korea using the mass balance approach. Three different nitrogen mass balances were presented: (1) agricultural activities including raising crops and animal husbandry; (2) domestic activities, and (3) activities in forest and urban areas. These nitrogen balances were combined to estimate riverine discharge of nitrogen to the ocean in national scale. Nitrogen inputs include atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, application of inorganic fertilizers/manures, animal feed/imported foodstuffs, and meat/fish. Nitrogen outputs include ammonia volatilization, denitrification, human/animal waste generation, crop/meat production, and riverine discharge to the ocean. The estimated total nitrogen input in Korea was 1,194.5 × 10³ tons N/year. Nitrogen discharged into rivers was estimated as 408–422 × 10³ tons N/year, of which 66–71% was diffuse in origin. The estimated diffuse discharges for land uses were estimated as 82 × 10³ tons N/year from agricultural areas, 7 × 10³ tons N/year from forestry and 75 × 10³ tons N/year from urban and industrial areas.