An integrated assessment method of urban drainage system:A case study in Shenzhen City,China

In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation, and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical.     

平行岭谷区都市城郊耕地景观演变案例研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

为研究都市城郊耕地景观的演变历程,总结耕地景观演变模式进而为未来研究区的农业资源合理利用和优化调控提供可借鉴性措施,以重庆市沙坪坝区为例,按其地貌特征从东至西划分为东部丘陵A区、岩溶低山B区、中部浅丘C区、西部岩溶低山D区4个区域,以1979年的MSS影像、1988、1995、2001、2007和2010年5个时期的TM影像为基本数据源,采用景观指数和定量表征指标,分析了沙坪坝区耕地景观空间格局演变、空间分布变化幅度及其种植结构引起的耕地景观功能变化。结果表明：A、B、C、D 4区耕地平均斑块面积在1979～2010年有了较大程度的减小,相应的斑块数目有了显著的增加,斑块密度呈现逐步增加的趋势,多样性指数和均匀度指数除了A区在逐步减小外,其他3区均呈增大趋势,耕地景观总体的破碎化程度增加了。2001年以前,除了A区快速减少外,各区耕地面积相对稳定;2001年为界限至今,A、C两区耕地演变属于快速消退型,B、D区则属于逐渐消退型。从2003年到2007年研究区种植作物类型及各区功能定位有所变化,研究区正处于从传统都市城郊农业向现代都市农业的转变中。研究区耕地景观从东部主城核心区到西部缙云山区,呈现跳跃突变式演变的特殊模式     

Cross-Platform Framing and Cross-Cultural Adaptation: Examining Elephant Conservation in Thailand

This case study investigates cross-platform framing process and framing alignment strategies of the world famous elephant conservation NGO. It examines how the intercultural adaptation facilitates the frame transformation against entrenched domesticated elephant traditions in Thailand. Besides web observation, this study conducted two field trips to interview the NGO staff and conservation experts, and observed human–elephant interaction. Enhancing the understanding of ecotourism, this study expands the framing theory by incorporating cross-platform and cross-cultural adaptation factors and provides insights of an effective Asian ecotourism model which transcends cultural differences and overcomes resistance by disseminating culturally sensitive and integrated framing strategies through various communication channels.     

基于二分图理论的产业环境资源竞争网络模型研究——以广州开发区为例

采用二分图理论来研究区域内不同产业部门或排污企业之间对于环境容量的竞争关系,建立产业环境资源竞争网络模型,并从点权分布和加权集聚系数等方面加以分析,依据强关联矩阵来确定排污企业对于区域环境容量需求强度的聚类情况.在此基础上,进一步依据2010年广州开发区的排污企业数据进行了实证研究,分析了开发区产业现状,并对未来生态工业园区建设中产业的发展提出了指导性建议.采用复杂网络模型来分析企业环境外部性的方法,不仅较传统的经济度量方式有理论上创新,而且根据区域不同情况来构建模型,从复杂系统视角对环境管理体系进行分析,有利于改进环境管理方式.     

滇池周边浅层地下水硝酸盐来源及转化过程识别

明确硝酸盐的主要来源及转化过程对地下水氮污染防治和水资源开发利用具有重要意义.为了探明滇池周边浅层地下水中硝酸盐污染现状及来源,于2020年雨季（10月）和2021年旱季（4月）在滇池周边共采集73个浅层地下水样,运用水化学和氮氧同位素（δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-、δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-）识别浅层地下水中硝酸盐的空间分布、来源及转化过程,并结合同位素混合模型（SIAR）定量评价不同来源氮对浅层地下水硝酸盐的贡献.结果表明,旱季浅层地下水中有40.5%的采样点ρ（NO₃^--N）超过地下水质量标准（GB/T 14848）Ⅲ类水质规定的20 mg·L^-1,雨季超过47.2%的采样点ρ（NO₃^--N）超过20 mg·L^-1.氮氧同位素和SIAR模型分析结果证明了土壤有机氮、化肥氮、粪肥和污水氮是浅层地下水硝酸盐的主要来源,以上氮源对旱季浅层地下水中硝酸盐的贡献率分别为13.9%、11.8%和66.5%,对雨季的贡献率分别为33.7%、31.1%和25.9%,而大气氮沉降贡献率仅为8.5%,对该区浅层地下水中硝酸盐来源贡献较小.硝化作用是旱季浅层地下水中硝态氮转化的主导过程,雨季以反硝化作用为主,且反硝化作用雨季比旱季明显.     

A resilience-based approach for comparing expert preferences across two large-scale coastal management programs

This report proposes a method for assessing resilience-building components in coastal social–ecological systems. Using the proposed model, the preferences of experts in Masan Bay (South Korea) and Puget Sound (USA) are compared. A total of 30 management objectives were determined and used to build a hierarchic tree designed using the principles of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Surveys were performed with 35 Puget Sound experts using face-to-face interviews and with 28 Masan Bay experts by mail. The results demonstrate that the legal objective, which enables legislation, was the highest preferred component in both regions. The knowledge translation variable was also given a high preference score in both regions. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the Puget Sound experts significantly favored attention to education, habitat restoration and species protection objectives in comparison to the Masan Bay experts. The Masan Bay experts placed greater emphasis on legislation and the type of institutional design than did the Puget Sound experts. Using cluster analysis, four distinct groups of respondents were independently identified in Puget Sound and three groups were identified in Masan Bay. One unique subgroup in the Puget Sound experts group, which was characterized by its high preferences for habitat restoration and species protection, was not observed in Masan Bay. Demographic variables (length of career and role in coastal issue) failed to account for the differences in groupings and preferences in either region, except for the variable ‘favoring information source’ in the Puget Sound group. This finding implies that the demographic information was not related to differences in group opinions in both regions. The analysis framework presented here was effective in identifying expert preferences regarding the overall structure and emphasis in coastal management programs. Thus, this framework can be applied towards coastal policy development.     

成都龙泉山地区建设用地生态适宜性评价

随着景观格局与生态过程之间的关系日益受到重视,传统的评价方法已经不能满足生态适宜性评价的发展需要。本文以成都市龙泉山地区为例,从景观类型、生态功能、生态价值、土壤侵蚀敏感性和地质灾害敏感性5个方面建立评价指标体系,分别采用最小累积阻力模型和模糊综合评判法描述水平生态过程和垂直生态过程下的生态适宜性,综合两种评价结果进行建设用地的生态适宜性评价。研究结果表明,模型机理的差异使评价结果有着很大的区别,两种方法的综合应用可以有效弥补彼此的不足,本文将研究区的生态适宜性评价结果划分为禁止开发区、严格限建区、一般限建区、重点开发区和优化开发区5个分区,各区的面积分别为259．70km^2、793．89km2、1220．35km2、739．68km2和490．42km2。以往的生态适宜性评价方法往往单一地考虑水平或者垂直生态过程,本文构建的这种综合水平和垂直生态过程的评价方法为生态适宜性评价的方法研究提供了有益的尝试和补充。     

家庭作坊式“企业”安全水平的模糊综合评价研究

通过对家庭作坊式＂企业＂的现状调查以及当前的经济形势分析,可知当前家庭作坊式＂企业＂的安全问题十分突出,为了控制住家庭作坊式＂企业＂的火灾发生,对其进行适当的安全水平评价显得很有必要。本文针对家庭作坊式＂企业＂的安全问题,根据资料确定影响家庭作坊的安全指标,采用层次分析法对各安全指标进行分层次处理并建立了评价层次结构模型,由各安全指标相对重要度的比较确定了各级指标权重;再通过模糊评价将各指标权重与安全评价关联,并划分不同的安全等级,提出了安全水平的模糊综合评价模型;最后采用模糊中值法把安全评价结果数量化并得出所处的安全等级。本文还通过对某家庭作坊式＂企业＂的安全水平评价实例,证明了该方法具有一定的可行性。     

AHP—模糊综合评价法在离心泵安全评价中的应用

将模糊综合评价法与层次分析法相结合,建立基于AHP—模糊综合评价模型,并探讨基于AHP—模糊综合评价方法在离心泵安全评价方面的应用。根据离心泵系统的结构、实际运行情况、常见故障模型及历史故障数据建立安全评价指标体系,结合层次分析法确定矩阵权重值,确定单级模糊综合评价结果;利用上述评价结果,可以进行多级模糊综合评价,最后得出离心泵的安全等级。此外,应用Microsoft Visual Studio 2008软件开发工具和Matlab数学软件编制评价程序,提高实用性。     

基于AHP-Fuzzy的高处坠落危险性评价研究

高处坠落事故在建筑安全生产事故中所占的比率最大。预防和控制高处坠落事故始终是建筑业应解决的重要问题,高处坠落危险性评价是预防与控制高处坠落事故的重要手段。以高处坠落风险为研究对象,通过对高处作业＂人—机—环境—管理＂复杂系统进行分析,建立生产人员素质因素、生产设备因素、环境条件因素、安全管理因素等4个大类和23个小类的危险性评价指标体系。在层次分析法和模糊综合评价法等研究基础上,构建了高处坠落风险的AHP-Fuzzy评价模型,确定了各层次的权重集。对给出的实例进行评价,评价结果符合实际情况。结果表明,基于AHP-Fuzzy的高处坠落危险性评价方法是可靠与实用的,并对高处坠落危险性的评判有指导意义。