Destructing surfactant network in nanoemulsions by positively charged magnetic nanorods to enhance oil-water separation

The separation of ultrafine oil droplets from wasted nanoemulsions stabilized with high concentration of surfactants is precondition for oil reuse and the safe discharge of effluent. However, the double barriers of the interfacial film and network structures formed by surfactants in nanoemulsions significantly impede the oil-water separation. To destroy these surfactant protective layers, we proposed a newly-developed polyethyleneimine micelle template approach to achieve simultaneous surface charge manipulation and morphology transformation of magnetic nanospheres to magnetic nanorods. The results revealed that positively charged magnetic nanospheres exhibited limited separation performance of nanoemulsions, with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 50%, whereas magnetic nanorods achieved more than 95% COD removal in less than 30 s. The magnetic nanorods were also applicable to wasted nanoemulsions from different sources and exhibited excellent resistance to wide pH changes. Owing to their unique one-dimensional structure, the interfacial dispersion of magnetic nanorods was significantly promoted, leading to the efficient capture of surfactants and widespread destruction of both the interfacial film and network structure, which facilitated droplet merging into the oil phase. The easy-to-prepare and easy-to-tune strategy in this study paves a feasible avenue to simultaneously tailor surface charge and morphology of magnetic nanoparticles, and reveals the huge potential of morphology manipulation for producing high-performance nanomaterials to be applied in complex interfacial interaction process. We believe that the newly-developed magnetic-nanorods significantly contribute to hazardous oily waste remediation and advances technology evolution toward problematic oil-pollution control.     

上海市火电行业NOx排污费征收标准及情景分析

基于火电行业典型样本的脱硝成本,以调整排污征收标准使得企业得到相对收入,即未脱硝排污费大于脱硝后总支出为判别标准,得出NOx排污征收标准最低值应为1.2元/0.95kg,最终需达到4.0元/0.95kg以上,当征收标准为1.2~10.0元/0.95kg时脱硝总支出占单位电量收入为0.5%~5.0%.根据情景分析,“十二五”征收标准为1.2元/0.95kg时5a总排污费达3.4~4.4亿元,如作为推动企业脱硝建设补贴资金来源,则可补贴额度为23~30元/kW,占实际建设支出的23.1%~30.6%,单位电量总支出占单位电量收入比例为1.5%~1.6%.“十三五”NOx排污征收标准调整为2.4元/0.95kg时5a总排污费为2.9~4.4亿元,可作为NOx超量削减奖励资金,发挥经济杠杆作用,挖掘脱硝设施减排潜力.     

基于成本核算的城镇污水处理收费标准设计研究

针对目前存在的分档计费定量依据不足等问题,基于全国第一次污染源普查数据,构建城镇污水治理投资和运行费用函数模型.计算在现有城镇污水处理成本核算体系下的东、中、西部不同污染负荷、不同排放标准的单位污水平均治理成本,将未纳入现有核算体系的管网折旧费?化验监测费用以及污泥处理费用进行成本核算,在此基础上设计一套东部?中部?西部三个地区的基于成本的污水处理收费标准体系,为城镇污水处理收费标准改革提供定量依据.     

不同排污收费情景下的发电企业减排模型研究

考虑未来多种污染物排污收费情景及区域电力需求的固有随机特性,建立了2阶段电源规划优化模型,分析了不同排污收费情景、不同电力需求水平下的区域电力结构变化以及污染物和CO2减排策略.在同时征收SO2排污费和CO2排放费的情景(情景3)下,清洁能源发电在发电系统中的比重增加,以煤电为主的火电比重下降;系统减排CO2 8.438′106t,同时协同减排SO2 5202t、NOx 7854t、颗粒物17.42t,但系统费用会显著增加.在同时征收SO2、NOx排污费和CO2排放费的情景下,系统减排SO2 8515t、NOx 13878t、颗粒物23.52t、CO2 12.988′106t,同时系统费用也会进一步增加.在目前征收SO2排污费的基础上征收CO2排放费或同时征收NOx排放费和CO2排放费,可以提高清洁发电方式在发电系统中的比重,降低SO2、NOx和CO2的排放量.     

深孔多孔球状药包爆破一次成井技术应用

为了治理地下采空区,采用多孔球状药包爆破一次成充填井的方法充填采空区。为克服多孔球状药包爆破一次成井技术中夹滞性对成井深度的限制,从孔位参数、起爆方式、分层高度等多个因素改进设计,并在栾川洛钼集团三道庄矿区1354水平台阶面,进行现场对比试验,爆破一次成井深度成功突破到32 m。试验结果表明,所采取的减小夹滞性的优化方法是可行的,可有效减小成井中夹滞性的影响,提高爆破一次成井深度。     

车用乙醇汽油静电起电特性试验研究

为研究乙醇汽油使用过程中存在的静电风险及带电变化规律,基于自主研发的油品电荷密度表,试验研究了乙醇含量对管输汽油静电带电规律的影响,获得乙醇体积含量0~5%的管输油品静电数据;对油库内乙醇汽油装车作业及加油站加油作业乙醇汽油静电起电特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:随着乙醇含量的增加,油品静电呈现先增大后减小的趋势;乙醇体积含量在0.5%~1%时,油品静电起电量最高可达到-77.2 μC/m3,为此需注意乙醇汽油调配过程中可能存在的静电风险;高电导率的车用乙醇汽油在加油作业时,油品静电起电量较低。     

Timber harvest planning—A combined optimization/simulation model

A special cascading fixed charge structure can be used to characterize a forest management planning problem in which the objectives are to identify the optimal shape of forest harvest cutting units and simultaneously to assign facilities for logging those units. We describe a four-part methodology that has been developed to assist forest managers in analyzing areas proposed for harvesting. This methodology performs an analysis of harvesting feasibility, computes the optimal solution to the cascading fixed charge problem, undertakes a GASP IV simulation to provide additional information about the proposed harvesting operation, and permits the forest manager to perform a time-cost analysis that may lead to a more realistic, and thus improved, solution.     

Accurate power-sharing,voltage regulation,and SOC regulation for LVDC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system using artificial neural network

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an artificial neural network-based control strategy is proposed for low voltage DC microgrid (LVDC microgrid) with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to improve power-sharing between battery and supercapacitor (SC) to suit the demand-generation imbalance, maintain state-of-charge (SOC) within boundaries and thereby to regulate the dc bus voltage. The conventional controller cannot track the SCs current rapidly with the high-frequency component that will place dynamic stress on the battery, further resulting in shorter battery life. The significant advantage is that in the proposed control strategy, redirections of unwaged battery currents to SCs for fast compensations enhance battery life span. The proposed control strategy effectiveness was investigated by simulations, including a comparison of overshoot/undershoot and settling time in dc bus voltage with a conventional control strategy. The results have been experimentally verified by hardware-in-loop (HIL) on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulator.     

无料钟炉顶布料的探讨

无料钟炉顶布料是现代高炉发展趋势,合理的布料矩阵是关键,合理布料矩阵的确定依靠对碰撞点的测定,炉料堆尖对煤气流的影响以及高炉所处的外部环境等因素来确定.     

高速公路路堑开挖的预裂爆破技术

在高速公路路堑开挖中为了避免爆破对路堑边坡围岩的破坏和影响，在山东省济南市绕城高速公路路堑开挖施工中，采用了预裂爆破技术和优化装药结构和爆破参数，保证了施工进度和质量要求。