Occupational risk from static magnetic fields of MRI scanners

The health care staff operating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are exposed to static magnetic field of significant spatial heterogenity and high level of flux density—usually existing permanently during the shift. The personnel can also be exposed to pulses of magnetic field of high rate of rise/fall, so-called gradient fields, which exist only during examination of patients. The level of workers’ exposure depends both on the type of the magnet and on the ergonomical characteristic of design of the particular MRI scanner. This paper presents the current state of the art on occupational exposure to static magnetic field health effects, gaps in scientific data, MRI workers’ exposure characteristics, research needs, and suggestions for the exposure assessment protocol for future investigations.     

基于漏磁检测数据的长输管道适用性评价

管道的适用性评价技术就是对含有缺陷的管道是否继续适用及如何继续适用的定量评价,对缺陷管道的检测和维修周期都有着重要的依据。考虑长输管道管体腐蚀检测最常用的漏磁通检测（MFL）技术,比较相关的标准,提出管道风险的＂木桶效应＂,即管道最危险点的承载能力决定着整个管道的承载能力。建立在役长输管道腐蚀缺陷检测基础上的适用性评价模型,并用工程算例验证,能直接处理漏磁通检测的管道数据,计算缺陷管道剩余强度,预测缺陷管道的剩余寿命。     

Experiences with unexpected structural chromosome aberrations in prenatal diagnosis in a danish series

The investigation of 5547 prenatal diagnoses showed 31 unexpected structural chromosome rearrangements. These included 3 Robertsonian translocations, 14 reciprocal translocations and 14 inversions. A11 were balanced, including 5 de novo rearrangements. In 3 of these cases an induced abortion was performed and in 2 cases children without detectable malformations were delivered.     

Prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus-stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius by ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy. Report of two cases

Hydrocephalus-stenosis of the acqueduct of Sylvius sequence (HSAS) is characterized by hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, adducted thumbs, spasticity, agenesis of the corpus callosum and mental retardation. X-linked hydrocephalus is known to be due to mutations in the gene coding for the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1-CAM) and diagnosis is made by identification of a mutation in the L1-CAM gene. Prenatal diagnosis of HSAS is usually suggested on ultrasound examination showing hydrocephalus in a male fetus associated with bilateral adducted thumbs. Mutation screening of the L1-CAM gene is indicated when neuropathological examination shows hypoplasia of the corticospinal tract associated with aqueductal stenosis. We report here two cases of HSAS diagnosed within the same family by ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy when bilateral adducted thumbs were the only early ultrasound marker. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业清洁生产审核过程的体会

企业清洁生产审核是企业实行清洁生产的重要前提.阐明了企业清洁生产审核的重要性、面临的形式、存在的问题,以及改进的措施和努力的方向.     

Site examination for threatened and endangered plant species

A procedure is described for conducting floristic examinations of prospective sites of development in order to determine the presence of threatened and/or endangered plant species. The timed meander search procedure provides information to document the level of effort expended in the examination as well as to describe the floristic resources of the site. Tests of the procedure during the 1979 and 1980 field seasons have demonstrated its value both as a means of discovering threatened and endangered species on a site and as a means of documenting a low probability of occurrence of such species if not found during application of the procedure.     

汽车排气管焊缝断裂的失效分析

某汽车用排气管使用不久焊缝处断裂。对失效排气管焊缝进行化学成分、金相组织和断口的微观分析。发现该排气管焊缝柱状组织粗大,断口微观形貌为沿晶断裂,柱状晶贯穿整个断裂面,断口有较明显的脆性特征。分析认为该排气管属于早期失效,是由于薄壁的排气管焊接时温度过高,导致焊缝柱状组织粗大,加之薄壁管冷却又快,致使焊缝产生较大的内应力。建议改进焊接工艺,控制较低的层间温度,使焊缝组织细化,解决焊缝断裂问题。     

环境监测数据审核中各类数据逻辑关系的研究

环境质量监测数据审核是环境监测的最后一步,也是最重要的一环,是质量保证工作的重要环节。文章论述了环境监测数据审核的重要性。联系工作实际通过对环境质量监测各类数据的规律性、相关性进行研究,提出数据审核应注意的问题以及需要掌握的技巧,并详细的介绍数据审核包括的内容,重点介绍数据审核中水环境质量的审核和研究。重点要说明水的多项监测数据中存在哪些逻辑关系并且用科学的方法去证明这种逻辑关系,在证明的过程中利用历年的大量监测数据去比较分析证明。     

企业开展清洁生产审核思路初探

清洁生产常常被宣称为双赢的策略和措施,通过加强培训、改善管理等措施,可以有效地解决企业资金问题和技术问题,从而使清洁生产理论在企业的推行中得到很好的发展。