利用鱼外周血红细胞微核技术监测长江江苏段水质污染

应用鱼类外周血红细胞微核技术对长江江苏段水质进行监测,测定江苏7个点位水中的鱼类外周血微核千分率(MCN‰),并进行统计分析.结果表明,7个采样点中有2个采样点的微核千分率达到0.20‰左右,与实验室阴性对照的检测结果相比有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),表明这2个点位的水质受到污染.     

勋西小寨山31万方硐室大爆破的安全措施

中国地质大学爆破开发研究中心实施的郧西小寨山硐室大爆破，经过周密设计，专家组审查通过，广大师生的辛勤施工，400吨炸药控爆一次成功，该工程采用了切实可行的安全措施，值得了总结推广。     

Social and geographical inequalities in prenatal care in Italy

The purpose of this study was to find out possible differences in prenatal diagnosis (PD) by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling and ultrasound examination before 16 weeks' gestation (early ultrasound examination, EUE), according to area of residence and level of education of the mothers. Data come from a multicentre study in Italy involving 43 maternity hospitals (Mercurio project) and were collected through structured interviews a few days after delivery. Study subjects were 1541 mothers of single non-malformed infants born between April 1992 and March 1994. Overall, the incidence of PD and EUE was 5.8 and 80 per cent, respectively. After adjustment for maternal age and other possible confounders, the odds ratios for PD were 2.19 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI)=1.26–3.81) when women residing in the northern regions were compared with those residing in the southern regions, and 2.06 (95 per cent CI=1.12–3.79) and 4.08 (95 per cent CI=1.97–8.42) when women with medium and high levels of education were compared with those with low level. For EUE, the odds ratios were 1.77 (95 per cent CI=1.32–2.36) and 2.88 (95 per cent CI=1.56–5.29) when comparing women with medium and high levels of education with those with low level. No relationship was found between area of residence and EUE. These geographical and social inequalities in prenatal care in Italy should be taken into account for the organization, delivery, and evaluation of pregnancy services in the coming years.     

复混肥料比色方法检测项目的运用及其探讨

随着肥料质量检测工作的深入开展，比色方法在许多检测项目中得到了越来越多的应用。作者在多年从事土壤肥料检测工作的基础上，介绍复混肥料化验检测中各种比色方法所使用仪器的特点，阐述了比色方法中标准曲线的配制和制作，分析比色方法中环境因素对检测结果的影响，为复混肥料的科学分析检测提供技术依据。     

环境监测报告审核应注意的问题

本文从环境监测质量保证的角度出发,提出了环境监测报告的审核应注意其完整性,准确性、相关性及文字说明部分等方面的问题。     

《水污染防治法》中区域限批制度的几点思考

《水污染防治法》第18条是区域限批制度的规定,它是该法制定时的一大创新之处,在承认其有合理性一面的同时,也应注意到其在暂停审批的遣词上,审批主体行权上以及限批对象的救济上存在些许问题,应当进行探讨,以期更好的完善该制度在该法中的运用,对于暂停审批应当改为不予审批较为合理;审批主体的行权时应注意与地方保护主义做抗争,可借鉴垂直管理的模式;应当赋予限批对象多种救济途径,以减少限批的连坐性。     

Microbial safety control of compost material with cow dung by heat treatment

Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung.In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material,the cow dung was put into a heat treatment machine in pilot plan, and harmless condition in short time was examined.The results indicated,pathogenic indicator bacteria such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliform,Escherichia coli and salmonella were all 10~6 cfu/g dw at the beginning,died rapidly when cow dung temperature rose to above 50℃,and not detected at 54-68℃for 6-24 h heat treatment.Coliform bacteria and salmonella in heated cow dung were not detected by re-growth culture and enrichment culture examination.Moreover,it was hardly influenced on the fermentation ability of composting microbe,organic decomposition bacteria.During heat treatment,the mesophile decreased rapidly and the thermophile stabilized or increased,and the most of composting microbe were bacillus in cow dung by fluorescence microscope,this indicated that bacillus was dominator and composting microbe in composting process.     

环境污染区划一种新的多元分析方法

本文应用多元统计分析—ＨｏｔｅｌｉｎｇＴ２检验,对来自客观环境的大气污染实测数据进行了分析,并与常规的ｔ检验、聚类分析方法进行比较,认为该法在环境污染评价问题中,具有较高的分辨环境污染时空分异的效力。     

计算机在环境监测数据辅助审核中的应用

以地面水环境监测数据为例 ,对实现监测数据计算机辅助审核的可行性以及审核的方法等进行了研究。指出实现监测数据计算机辅助审核是完全可行的。监测数据计算机辅助审核不仅将大大减轻数据审核技术人员的工作压力 ,也有利于提高监测数据审核工作的技术水平和工作质量