施工人员安全能力模型研究

在能力定义及能力模型文献综述的基础上,结合建筑业的实际,给出施工人员安全能力定义及其内涵,认为施工人员所表现出来的安全能力是安全能力任务与其内在特质相互匹配的结果;剖析安全能力与不安全行为及事故之间的关系,得出安全能力的匮乏必然导致施工人员作出不安全行为进而导致事故的发生。根据上述研究,结合建筑施工安全影响因素,提出并建立了施工人员安全能力模型。依据美国OSHA安全事故数据库中记录的一个高处坠落事故案例,应用该模型分析施工人员所表现出来的安全能力,从实践角度理解施工人员安全能力。此外,提出施工人员安全能力研究中一些有待思考和探索的问题。     

Mapping human vulnerability and risk due to chemical accidents

Chemical accidents in the vicinity of densely populated areas can cause colossal damage. Close proximity of chemical facilities to the general public has been identified as a major issue for increased human exposure in 43% of the accidents investigated by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB). This emphasises the need for incorporating societal factors in risk assessment to plan actions in order to minimise exposure during accidents. The purpose of this research is to develop a model for the assessment of human vulnerability and risk due to chemical accidents. A GIS based methodology is proposed which uses computer aided hazard modelling tools and technical guidelines to model accidents and assesses population vulnerability. The population vulnerability is determined based on a set of societal indicators derived from relevant research work, expert opinions and suggestions by World Bank. Risk is defined as the probable magnitude of harm to humans and dependent on both the degrees of hazard and vulnerability. A case study is carried out by applying the methodology to Meghnaghat Industrial Area in Bangladesh. Accident scenarios are built and hazard modelling software ALOHA is used to spatially display accident footprints. Vulnerability of population is assessed using data from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and field survey. The hazard footprints and vulnerability map are superimposed using mapping software ArcGIS to generate a composite risk map. The risk map is used to assess existing land use and recommendations are made for future land use planning. The composite risk map is expected to be of help for effective community response, emergency response planning and allocation of medical and support services during emergencies.     

Fluctuating Asymmetry in Cranial Measurements of East European Voles (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924) from the Zone of Radioactive Contamination

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in eight cranial measurements was studied in Microtus rossiaemeridionalis voles from two sites of the zone affected by the Totsk Radioactive Trace (TRT) and in the control population. In the affected populations, generalized mean population parameters of FA were significantly higher than in the control and tended to increase in relatively larger animals. The disturbance of ontogenetic homeostasis in voles from the TRT zone probably resulted from environmental stress caused by contamination with radionuclides (primarily plutonium), which entailed irradiation of many vole generations over more than 40 years.     

基于事故树和模糊层次分析法的飞机火灾事故分析

为了解决飞机火灾事故易发问题、降低事故发生率,以巡航过程中客机发生火灾事故为情境,提出事故树分析法和模糊层次分析法相结合的研究方法。绘制树形图研究人为、机械、环境和管理等方面导致飞机火灾事故发生的途径,构建飞机火灾事故指标体系,结构重要度对指标赋值得出权重值顺序,结果表明:安检和安全培训对飞机火灾事故发生影响最大,空气影响次之,机械故障影响最小。因此,最有效的飞机火灾事故预防途径应从可燃物控制方面着手。     

Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Standing Reserve,Enframing, and Environmental Communication Theory

This essay examines the potential of Heidegger's phenomenology as a foundation for environmental communication theory, emphasizing his critiques of modern science, technology, humanism, and metaphysics. A phenomenological approach to environmental communication provides resources for recognizing metaphysical assumptions that endanger both humans and nature. The Hanford nuclear reservation serves as an illustrative text, exemplifying Heidegger's reading of nuclear energy as a culmination of both Western metaphysics and the instrumental stance that he calls “enframing.” In Heidegger's view, the ordering and control accomplished through enframing obscures the mutually constitutive relationship between humans and nature, and in doing so, diminishes the possibilities for authentic human existence. The chapter examines how both representational and constitutive models of communication contribute to those conditions, and adopts a set of concepts from Heidegger's phenomenology as a foundation for an alternative, “bounded constitutive” model.     

Arguments For What No One Wants: The Narratives of Waste Storage Proponents

In this essay, the authors examine the public discourse of three different proponent groups (Native Americans, Industry, and Community Advocates) to gain insight into the narratives used to justify the decision to support a typically unwanted land use. The questions they ask are: first, who are the actors, what is their agency, and what is their purpose, as revealed through an analysis of the compiled text? Second, in what ways do their stories combine into a coherent narrative of support for the project; and, finally, does the meta-narrative resonate with their primarily western states audience? They conclude with suggestions as to how this project informs participants in other waste management controversies.     

改进欧拉法的GM(1,1)模型及其在非煤矿山事故预测中的应用

通过对GM(1,1)模型中的微分方程使用数值算法求解,提出一种改进欧拉算法GM(1,1)模型.将此模型应用于我国非煤矿山事故预测中,并且对改进模型的预测数据及结果与原始模型进行了比较,表明该预测模型提高了预测精度,验证了模型的可行性,并对我国非煤矿山事故发生趋势做出统计学的判断.该模型可以精确的预测近期的一些数据,而长远的预测则为一种趋势的反映.     

基于最小二乘法的灰色 GM（1，1）改进模型在非煤矿山事故预测中的应用

根据灰色理论及其相关理论,通过对GM（1,1）模型中微分方程使用最小二乘法多项式拟合来求解,提出一种改进GM（1,1）模型。将改进模型的预测精度与原始模型进行了比较得出采用二次多项式拟合的改进模型预测精度高于原始模型,因此采用二次多项式拟合GM（1,1）改进模型。并将该改进模型用于我国非煤矿山事故预测中,对2008-2010年我国非煤矿山伤亡事故死亡率进行预测性计算并且与真实数据进行了比对,进一步验证了模型的可行性。     

基于“2-4模型”的化工生产事故原因分析

为进一步研究化工生产事故发生的原因,运用“2-4模型”对从安全管理网等网站收集的125起化工生产安全事故进行分析,结果表明对于事故的直接原因方面,作业人员的不安全动作主要表现在违规操作和无证上岗,管理人员的不安全动作主要表现在其工作不认真等方面,不安全物态最主要的是设备年久失修。对于事故的间接原因,主要表现在安全意识不够、安全知识不足、安全习惯不佳3方面。事故的根本原因则主要表现在缺乏安全培训等方面。为制定化工生产事故预防措施提供了依据。     

传统中医学理论与企业安全生产风险管理

笔者将传统中医学理论与企业安全生产风险管理相结合,在事故致因、事故预防、安全管理等方面,借鉴中医的预防思想、整体观念、五行学说、辨证施治等理论方法,分析研究指出:企业发生安全事故如同人体得病,正气不足是发病的内在根据,邪气入侵是发病的重要条件。因此,发生事故的根本原因在于企业本身;要从研究企业自身的影响安全生产诸要素之间的相互滋生和相互制约的关系入手,加强事故预防工作,坚持整体性的原则,辨证分析事故原因,加大企业生产安全的精神和物质保障,才能全面提高企业的生产安全风险管理水平。