Homing in the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae): the role of active locomotion and visual landmarks

Previous studies on the homing of the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula have shown that it is carried out by path integration. Animals using this mechanism must measure the distance walked and the angles turned. This study aims to understand if wolf spider L. tarantula is able to estimate the walked distance in an outward path. As this information is more likely obtained by proprioceptive mechanisms, active or passive displacements have been performed. An active locomotion was found essential to estimate distances. During passive locomotion, spiders searched for their burrows near the release point while when displaced actively the inbound journey was longer than the outbound one. The possible use of visual landmarks near the burrow was also tested as a cue to complete the inbound journey. Our results did not show that L. tarantula used these visual landmarks to find the burrow. L. tarantula seems to use only proprioceptive information obtained during the outbound path to estimate the distance traveled.     

省际毗邻区协同发展分析与规划应对——以宁滁毗邻核心区为例

在生态文明建设、高质量发展及国土空间规划体系建立背景下,探索跨界区域的生态保护、经济转型和社会转型之间的协同关系与提升路径,对于新时代区域或都市圈一体化发展战略落实具有重要的实践指导意义。面向生态、经济、社会的整体效益提升,综合运用熵值法和耦合协调度模型,对浦口—南谯跨界区域2005—2019年间的生态、经济、社会子系统发育及其耦合协调水平进行分析,发现两地的综合发展指数基本呈现一致的增长趋势,区域及各子系统间的耦合协调度也已发展至较高水平,但距离优质协调的目标阶段尚有一定距离,且生态子系统间以及经济子系统间的协调度存在多次回退与波动的现象,需要以区域协同发展为核心内容制定规划响应策略。本文提出的技术路径能够为中微观尺度的跨界区域发展水平评估与提升提供思路借鉴。     

硝酸-PPy/AQDS联合处理改善阳极性能的分析表征

阳极性能是影响微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)性能的关键因素之一.通过吡咯聚合、蒽醌-2,6-磺酸钠盐(AQDS)掺杂以及库仑量调控将不同厚度的PPy/AQDS复合薄膜电沉积至硝酸处理的碳毡阳极上,以期整合碳毡阳极的生物亲合性、导电性及电子传递能力,同时强化阳极的这3种性能.结果表明,随着整合强度的加强,阳极性能逐步得到提升,整合阳极在阳极生物量、电导率以及交换电流密度方面优于对照组2.4~3.3倍,其中0.12 C·cm~(-2)的整合阳极表现出最高的峰值电流(2.86 m A)、最大的阳极生物量(0.44 mg·cm-2)、最大的电导率(0.33 S·cm~(-1))、最大的交换电流密度(3.65×10~(-3)A·m~(-2))以及最小的传质阻力,其对应MFC的最大功率密度达1 060.7 m W·m~(-2),是对照组的2.2倍,阳极开路电势接近-0.55V.循环伏安、电化学阻抗谱、扫描电镜和塔菲尔测试进一步揭示了PPy/AQDS复合薄膜在阳极碳纤维之间的联接、架桥作用,使得不同纤维丝之间的接触更加均匀,减小了电子在生物膜与阳极之间、阳极与外回路之间的传递阻力;同时,沉积于碳毡阳极的PPy/AQDS复合薄膜与硝酸处理后阳极表面形成的吡咯氮类官能团之间的协同作用可能是整合阳极性能提升的本质原因所在.