ORP调控印染废水水解过程的相关因素分析

采用水解处理印染废水时,为了研究得出高效运行的ORP综合调控措施及水解反应器的调控运行参数,进行了ORP与水解处理环境条件pH、碱度和COD的相关研究。试验结果表明,ORP与pH或碱度相关性良好;ORP随COD的降解过程,其变化曲线存在一个稳定的ORP最小值点,代表COD大部分被降解,其变化曲线随后缓慢上升至平台,此时COD已是难降解物质。此外,进水COD越大,相应的ORP最小值点出现越晚。     

河道黑臭污染简易评价方法研究

河道黑臭主因是底泥和水体在缺氧乃至厌氧条件下,污染物转化并产生氨氮、硫化氢、挥发性有机酸等恶臭物质以及铁、锰硫化物等黑色物质.目前,河道黑臭评价主要采用多因子黑臭指数法(NH3-N、COD、DO等),但NH3-N、COD难以在现场快速测定,也无法定量袁征底泥黑臭程度.本文选取能够现场快速监测的氧化还原电位ORP作为独立黑臭评价指标,分析论证了ORP与部分黑臭因子DO、S∞、PH、SO4=的相关性,结果表明,ORP与pH、SO42-、DO、S2-相关性较好,可以单独作为水体和底泥黑臭现场监测评价指标,用于入河污水、河道水体与河道底泥黑臭度的现场快速监测和定量评价.     

以pH和ORP作为脉冲SBR工艺的实时控制参数

为了实现脉冲SBR深度脱氮的实时控制,以某污水处理厂市政污水为处理对象,考察了脉冲SBR在深度脱氮过程中pH及ORP的变化规律.试验结果表明,pH及ORP的变化规律与脉冲SBR有机物去除、硝化与反硝化过程存在较好的相关关系.可以根据pH和ORP变化曲线上的特征点对脉冲SBR进行实时控制.并考察了污水C/N(COD/NH4 -N)对pH及ORP的变化规律的影响.在硝化过程中,C/N对pH及ORP曲线变化点的出现没有影响;在反硝化过程中,应结合pH值"硝酸盐峰"和ORP"硝酸盐膝"来判断低C/N污水反硝化的终点.在该试验中,出水TN低于2 mg/L,TN去除率可达到96%以上.     

ORP控制在硫化物生物氧化成单质硫过程中的应用

试验采用气升式反应器,接种实验室自行培养的排硫硫杆菌种,在进水pH值为7.0±0.2,温度控制在30±2℃条件下,研究了以ORP为控制参数在硫化物生物氧化成单质硫过程中的应用,并考察了pH和污泥硫负荷对ORP及硫化物生物氧化的影响.结果表明,硫化物去除率和硫酸根生成率均随ORP的降低而下降,不同容积负荷下,控制合适的ORP均可得到单质硫的最大生成率;当ORP为-380～340 mV,pH为7.85～8.63,污泥硫负荷为8.4 kg S/(kg MLSS·d)时,反应器运行状况良好.     

氧化还原介体催化强化Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1反硝化特性研究

考察了Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1的醌呼吸特性及4种结构相似的醌类介体(AQS,α-AQS,AQDS和1,5-AQDS)催化强化Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1的反硝化过程.结果表明,Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1能利用醌类介体作为其电子传递链中的电子受体进行呼吸,使醌类介体还原为相应的氢醌形式;在35℃条件下,采用间歇试验法,4种介体浓度均为0.24mmol.L-1时,可分别提高硝酸盐氮降解速率1.14～1.63倍、总氮去除速率1.12～2.02倍,其从大到小顺序为:AQDS>1,5-AQDS>AQS>α-AQS;介体可降低Paracoccus versutus菌株GW1硝酸盐降解过程中氧化还原电位约33～75 mV;介体催化强化硝酸盐降解过程中pH变化趋势与空白对照组类似,最终pH稳定在9.0左右;在0～0.32 mmol.L-1AQDS浓度范围内,体系硝酸盐氮降解零级反应速率常数K与介体的浓度cAQDS呈线性关系.本研究为解决生物脱氮技术存在降解速率低的问题提供了有效途径.     

间歇曝气模式对同步硝化反硝化稳定性的影响

在不同间歇曝气(IA)模式下.采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理模拟低碳城市污水.并考察了ORP和pH值的变化规律与同步硝化反硝化(SND)持续稳定性之间的关系.结果表明,在曝气百分数(AF)为0.5和高曝气频率(fIA)的间歇曝气模式下,TN去除率为92%,ORP均值均化程度最好,ORP和pH值的稳定性最强.因此,低曝气百分数和高曝气频率的间歇曝气模式有利于SND过程的持续稳定,且ORP均值的均化程度与ORP和pH值的稳定性可控制SND过程的稳定性.另外,低曝气频率的间歇曝气模式有利于顺序式硝化反硝化(SQND)的发生.     

NO_3~-和NO_2~-作为电子受体时的反硝化除磷实时控制

采用SBR厌氧/缺氧运行方式,研究了NO- 3和NO- 2作为电子受体时的反硝化除磷效能及ORP与pH作为反硝化除磷过程控制参数的可行性.结果表明,反硝化除磷过程中COD、磷酸盐、电子受体浓度与体系pH和ORP的变化具有较强的相关性.在厌氧阶段,当释磷结束时,pH值平台的出现指示了释磷的结束;在缺氧阶段,吸磷结束后,ORP出现拐点,标志着缺氧吸磷的完成.另外,考察了2种电子受体(NO- 3和NO- 2)反硝化除磷的效能.在以NO- 3为电子受体的反应中,在缺氧初期30 min反应中,平均摄磷速率为32.68 mg/(L·h),每吸收1 mg PO3- 4-P 约消耗1.14 mg NO- 3-N.在以NO- 2为电子受体的反应中,在缺氧初期30 min反应中,平均摄磷速率为17.66 mg/(L·h),每吸收1 mg PO3- 4-P 约消耗1.57 mg NO- 2-N.综上,提出pH和ORP可以作为2种电子受体(NO- 3和NO- 2)反硝化除磷的实时控制参数,并且,以NO- 3为电子受体系统在摄磷方面优于NO- 2电子受体系统.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

耐盐菌在复合高盐条件下对偶氮染料K-2BP的脱色研究

研究利用耐盐菌CAS,考察其在不同的Na2SO4+NaCl复合高盐条件下对偶氮染料K-2BP模拟废水厌氧脱色情况,并研究不同复合高盐条件下K-2BP生物脱色与氧化还原电位ORP之间的关系。结果表明:耐盐菌CAS在不同Na2SO4+NaCl复合高盐条件下对偶氮染料K-2BP具有很好的脱色效果,且Na2SO4的加入使反应过程中ORP增加,脱色反应更易进行。     

Effect of carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge

Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated.Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrffying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.