基于时间序列模型的饮用水源地重金属健康风险分析与预测

饮用水源地作为高敏感环境风险受体,重金属健康风险的时间变化特征和预测分析对于饮用水源地的风险管控、水环境治理和生态系统安全保障等具有积极的意义.为评价饮用水源地重金属健康风险及掌握健康风险的时间变化特征,以某饮用水源地为研究对象,监测并记录了该点位重金属As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni和Zn在2015年1月至2018年12月的浓度值,并以月均值作为研究基础数据,对饮用水源地重金属健康风险评价,并进一步利用Spearman秩相关系数法和ARIMA模型对重金属健康风险时间变化特征进行分析.结果表明,部分月份的重金属浓度值超过我国地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)规定的Ⅲ类水质的标准限值,尤其是Hg,其浓度最小值超过该标准的4倍;饮用水源地重金属致癌风险和非致癌风险的大小顺序分别为:As> Cd和As> Hg> Cd> Zn> Cu> Ni,儿童健康风险均高于成人健康风险,在2015年2月之外的所有月份的成人综合非致癌风险均低于1,儿童综合非致癌风险在2017年10月之后均低于或接近1,而儿童综合致癌风险均超过10^-4; As...     

气溶胶中有机物的研究进展和前景

首先指出了气溶胶中有机物的研究意义 ,接着介绍了目前对气溶胶中有机物的化学组成、来源和成因、环境和健康效应的认识 ,综述了分析测试方法的研究现状 ,并评述了其研究前景     

Nitrated and parent PAHs in the surface water of Lake Taihu, China: Occurrence, distribution, source, and human health risk assessment

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) have toxic potentials that are higher than those of their corresponding parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and thus have received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, source, and human health risk assessment of 15 NPAHs and 16 PAHs were investigated in the surface water from 20 sampling sites of Lake Taihu during the dry, normal, and flood seasons of 2018. The ΣPAH concentrations ranged from 255 to 7298 ng/L and the ΣNPAH concentrations ranged from not-detected (ND) to 212 ng/L. Among the target analytes, 2-nitrofluorene (2-nFlu) was the predominant NPAH, with a detection frequency ranging from 85% to 90% and a maximum concentration of 56.2 ng/L. The three-ringed and four-ringed NPAHs and PAHs comprised the majority of the detected compounds. In terms of seasonal variation, the highest levels of the ΣNPAHs and ΣPAHs were in the dry season and flood season, respectively. Diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that the prime source of NPAHs was direct combustion, whereas in the case of PAHs the contribution was predominantly from a mixed pattern including pollution from unburned petroleum and petroleum combustion. The human health risk of NPAHs and PAHs was evaluated using a lifetime carcinogenic risk assessment model. The carcinogenic risk level of the targets ranged from 2.09 × 10^?7 to 5.75 × 10^?5 and some surface water samples posed a potential health risk.     

岩溶地下水水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留特征及健康风险评价

采用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测定南山老龙洞岩溶地下水水体中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量,并探究了OCPs和PCBs的浓度、分布和来源等残留特征.结果表明,OCPs总浓度范围为34.8～623.2 ng·L^-1,均值为215.6 ng·L^-1,其中,HCHs、DDTs和其它类OCPs总浓度范围分别为8.2～23.6、4.5～363.7和22.2～235.9 ng·L^-1,均值分别为15.9、104.5和95.3 ng·L^-1; PCBs总浓度范围为6.0～40.7 ng·L^-1,均值为16.8 ng·L^-1.总体而言,OCPs和PCBs污染处于中上水平;多重比较结果显示部分OCPs和PCBs平均浓度具有统计学意义上的显著差异.研究区各采样点水体中污染水平差异较大,但OCPs和PCBs的季节分布相对均匀.源解析表明,HCHs源于周围环境中林丹的输入; DDTs源于近期工业DDT的非法使用;其它类OCPs源于大气沉降和...     

长江南京段水源水中有机磷酸酯的污染特征与风险评估

为探究长江南京段水源水中有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)的污染特征、时空分布、生态风险和健康风险,利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了13种OPEs.结果表明,除磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯外,其余12种OPEs均有不同程度的检出,总浓度范围为85. 21～1 557. 96 ng·L^-1,氯代烷基磷酸酯是主要化合物,其中检出浓度最高的是磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯[tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate,TCEP],高达447. 08 ng·L^-1.长江南京段水源水中OPEs呈现明显的季节变化特征,夏季总检出浓度为220～1557. 96 ng·L^-1,平均浓度是493. 78 ng·L^-1,是春秋季的1. 7～2. 6倍.生态风险评估显示磷酸三甲苯酯和2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯对有机体(藻类,甲壳类动物和鱼类)具有中或高等风险.高暴露浓度下,OPEs的总非致癌风险为4. 41×10^-3～2. 91×10^-2     

应用鱼类完整性指数F-IBI评价巢湖流域的主要河流健康

保护河流健康是河流生态管理的重要目标,鱼类对维护河流生态系统健康的作用重要且不可替代。依据2013年10月巢湖53个河流采样点的鱼类调查数据,采用假设参照值法构建鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)的参照系统,进而评价河流健康状况。基于29个候选生物参数,通过参数与环境因子间的相关性分析、参数间的冗余分析及其分布范围分析,确定F-IBI由鱼类总物种数、鲤科鱼类物种数百分比、中下层鱼类物种数百分比、肉食性鱼类数量百分比、产粘性卵鱼类数量百分比和耐受性鱼类数量百分比等6个参数构成。利用比值法统一各参数量纲,F-IBI值即为各构成参数比值的累加,进而评价河流水生态健康的等级,其中亚健康的采样点占16.98%,健康状况一般的采样点占50.94%,健康状况较差的采样点占32.08%。此外,影响巢湖主要河流F-IBI的重要水环境变量是叶绿素a。对重点污染区域,修复水生态系统和制定科学合理的策略,是恢复巢湖流域生态健康的重要手段。     

基于大型无脊椎动物完整性的赤水河健康评价体系构建

作为长江上游珍稀鱼类国家自然保护区的核心区,赤水河流域水系的健康状况虽颇受关注,但相关评价工作却较少。笔者结合现场调查(2016年)和历史数据(2007年),初步构建基于大型无脊椎动物群落的健康评价体系,对赤水河干流和部分支流的不同季节(春季和秋季)和不同河段(上中下游)的健康状况进行评估。指标筛选结果显示:赤水河上游河段在春季和秋季分别包括6、2个核心参数,中游河段分别包括5、4个,下游包括3、2个核心参数。通过四分法将健康状态划分为4个等级:健康、亚健康、一般和不健康。从整体上看,赤水河处于亚健康状态,且春季和秋季河流不同采样点健康状况有所差异,春季健康状况好于秋季。回归分析显示,BOD_5、COD_(Mn)以及NH~+_4-N是影响赤水河健康的主要环境因子。研究所构建的B-IBI评价指标较好地评估了赤水河的健康状况,可作为赤水河流域水体环境监测的有效手段之一。     

Effects of a major municipal effluent on the St. Lawrence River: A case study

The St. Lawrence River (SLR) is the second largest waterway in North America. The discharge of the City of Montreal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) represents the largest volume of treated wastewaters being released into the river. It also ranks as the largest sewage treatment plant of its kind in North America. Over the last decade, intensive multidisciplinary research has focused on assessing the impacts of Montreal wastewater effluents on the SLR. We describe the major findings of these investigations, including the determination of the fate of contaminants, bioaccumulation in fish and invertebrates, ecotoxicological measurements of aquatic animal health, evaluation of endocrine disruption, parasitism in fish, and combined effects of multiple stressors on the SLR. Impacts of the effluents from the WWTP on aquatic organisms from the SLR are both toxicological and ecological, demonstrating the need for an integrated view of the impacts of municipal effluents on aquatic ecosystems.     

浅析水土流失对农业生态系统的危害及其农业防治对策

本文以四川水土流失情况为例,着重分析论述了水土流失对农业生态系统的严重危害,从而阐明了水土保持对农牧业生产的重要性和紧迫性,并从省情出发,总结提出了当前乃至今后相当一个时期,农牧部门应积极采取的几项行之有效的防治对策措施,可供各级政府和领导决策参考。     

Estimating health damage cost from secondary sulfate particles--a case study of Hunan Province, China

IntroductionChina’senergyusepattern ,characterizedbyadominatingrelianceoncoal,hasledtosevereSO2pollutionandresultinghealthdamage .Withconsumptionsoffossilfuelsstilltogrow ,totalhealthdamageisanticipatedtoincrease ,whichwillbeagreatchallengetoChina.Thischallengerequirescomprehensivehealthimpactassessmenttoguideenvironmentalpolicyandreorientpublicopinioninfavorofeffectivepreventiveaction .Generally,the“ImpactPathwayApproach”(Krewit,1 999;Thanh ,2 0 0 0 ) ,whichlinkstheemissiontoconcentrat…