木制品企业粉尘爆炸灾害与防治

分析了木制品企业发生粉尘爆炸的潜在危险性，以某木制品企业的一起木材粉尘爆炸事故为例，对事故发生的过程和原因进行了仔细分析，在此基础上从预防和防护两个方面提出了防止类似系统发生火灾及粉尘爆炸事故的措施。     

某钢厂桥式起重机事故案例及预防措施

对某钢厂几起桥式起重机的事故案例进行了分析，提出了防止该类事故发生的措施。     

Comparison of two fatal occupational injury surveillance systems in the United States

INTRODUCTION: Using different methods, two national systems compile fatal occupational injury data in the United States: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The NTOF uses only death certificates, while CFOI uses multiple sources for case ascertainment. METHODS: Through overall and case-by-case comparisons, this study compares these systems and evaluates counts for the nation and by state for worker and case characteristics. RESULTS: From 1992 through 1994, NTOF reported an average of 84% of the number of traumatic occupational fatalities reported in CFOI. This percentage changed somewhat when a case-by-case comparison was conducted--88% of the NTOF cases were matched directly to the CFOI cases. Although CFOI captured a larger number of fatalities annually, the additional fatalities did not follow a discernable pattern. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: By understanding the distribution of fatalities, targeted efforts to reduce them will benefit all industries.     

2001年12月-2002年2月国内安全事故数据

统计了2001年12月2002年2月国内发生的各种安全事故592起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故等.统计表明,在592起事故中,矿业事故最多,占51.1 4%,平均每天3起事故,其次是交通事故(19.9%)、爆炸事故(15.2%)、火灾(5.6%)、其他事故(4.6%)、毒物泄露和中毒(3.4%).592起事故共死亡1 526人,伤2 469人,死亡人数的百分比分别为矿业事故39.2%、交通事故36.8%、爆炸事故14.5%、火灾4.1%、其他事故3.7%、泄露中毒1.7%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故46.9%、爆炸事故18.2%、泄露中毒12.2%、其他事故11.8%、矿业事故8.6%、火灾2.2%.     

湿式氢气贮柜爆炸伤害效应预测

针对某动力公司工业用氢气贮柜发生的爆炸事故,建立了300 m3湿式氢气贮柜爆炸的模型,给出了事故模型的初始条件,用内能法和TNT当量法对爆炸伤害效应进行了预测.结果表明,对于300 m3湿式氢气贮柜,在混入空气整体达爆炸上限和局部达爆炸上限两种情况下,氢气柜发生一次爆炸的最高爆炸温度分别为1 637 K和1 120 K,最高爆炸超压分别为5.43×105Pa和3.73×105Pa,气柜腾空发生二次爆炸对周围环境的最大人体伤害半径分别为46.8 m和49.7 m,对房屋的最大损伤半径分别为72.5 m和81.6 m.     

Occupational safety and health in Spain

Occupational Health and Safety in Spain has improved considerably over the last decade, most likely due to a new concept where an overall concept of safety culture is defined. Important changes in industrial safety, hygiene, and psychosocial factors present an optimistic panorama for the future of Spain. Despite this general improvement, according to the European Convergence Program, Spanish statistics still offer far from good safety results. In fact, according to 1997 official statistics, Spain had the highest incidence rate for nonfatal occupational accidents of all European Union (EU) countries, and occupied third place for fatal accidents. This paper summarizes the organizational structure of the Spanish National System of Health & Safety at Work, its effective health and safety laws, and statistics on the Spanish work environment obtained from III Spanish National Survey on Work Conditions (1997). The researchers hope that the findings of this work will have an impact on Spanish industry that will subsequently bring about improvements in work conditions and develop assessment and intervention models in occupational health and safety, from a theoretical position integrating environmental, human, and organizational factors.     

一起焦硫酸贮罐爆炸的技术分析

某焊工在对一焦硫酸贮罐施焊时 ,发生了爆炸事故 ,本文对这一事故进行了分析 ,并提出了预防措施。     

论降低我国道路交通事故致死率的措施

阐述我国交通事故人身伤害的严重性 ,参照发达国家交通安全经验 ,提出了减轻伤害、降低交通事故致死率的措施     

The role of local governments before and during chemical accidents,focusing on changes in hazardous chemical management systems

ABSTRACT

Disaster management spans actions before, during, and after disaster events. Changes in the roles and functions of local governments before a disaster can influence other stages of disaster management. After a chemical spill in 2012, South Korean hazardous chemical management tasks were returned to the central government and local governments’ roles and functions were reduced. To identify associated issues and enhance the hazardous chemical management system, this study analyzed changes in laws and policies and conducted interviews with stakeholders. While the changes helped with centralization, reinforcement, and specification, some loopholes were discovered. The information and human resource capacities of local governments and intra – and intergovernmental relations issues have hindered their active participation before and during chemical disasters. These loopholes can be addressed through institutional enhancements for local governments, such as including them in monitoring hazardous chemical handling facilities, developing codes articulating the division of tasks among departments within them, and providing adequate incentives for them to increase their personnel. This study provides empirical data that informs ongoing debates about the centralization and devolution of disaster management by linking local governments’ ordinary management systems to their disaster management activities.     

地表水水源地突发水污染风险评价方法现状

饮用水水源地与人民的生命安全和社会经济的稳定发展联系非常密切,突发水污染事故严重威胁着水源地饮用水安全。突发水污染事故具有不确定性和模糊性,对不同类型的水源地影响侧重点不同;引发突发水污染事故的因素可以分为人为因素和非人为因素,突发水污染事故多为人为因素所引发;评价方法分为3种类型,分析了分别适用于大尺度河流型的体系构建法和小尺度湖库型的模型模拟法,指出体系构建法综合宏观的特点,以及模型模拟法微观量化的评价方式,综合评价法则结合了这2种方法的优点;分析了评价方法的不足并对发展趋势做出展望,以期为水源地保护工作者提供对水源地突发水污染事故选择评价方法的思路。