铁路轨道施工工艺及职业病危害因素分析

调查铁路轨道施工工艺及施工过程中职业病危害因素,对铁路轨道施工现场进行职业卫生学调查及工作场所职业病危害因素检测。结果表明,铁路轨道施工现场部分岗位接触的矽尘/其他粉尘、水泥粉尘、电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物、手传振动和噪声是职业病主要危害因素,建议加强铁路轨道施工作业个体防护。     

Modeling of variations in nitrogen trichloride concentration over time in swimming pool water

In water, chlorine reacts with nitrogen-containing compounds to produce disinfection by-products such as nitrogen trichloride which induces ocular and respiratory irritations in swimming pool workers. This study proposes a model to predict variations in NCl₃ concentration over time in a traditional indoor swimming pool as a function of its operating parameters and attendance. The model was developed taking into consideration the reaction mechanisms, thermodynamic equilibria, physico-chemical properties, and transfer mechanisms occurring at the pool's surface. This model was validated through a robust series of experiments over two days and two nights in a real swimming pool. The model was found to satisfactorily predict variations over time in the concentrations of the chemical species investigated, including nitrogen trichloride. The work presented constitutes a first step to extend the model at different swimming pools. This approach may also be used to study the influence of the main operating parameters and to evaluate the impact of setting up water treatment systems on nitrogen trichloride concentration.     

承包商管理——职业安全健康管理中的重要环节

随着市场经济的不断深入和发展,生产经营单位之间的分工与协作程度日益增加,承包商在生产经营单位的运营活动中起着越来越重要的作用,其活动已涉及生产经营活动的许多方面,直接影响到生产经营单位的安全生产管理和职业安全健康表现。现实情况表明,许多伤亡事故是由承包商作业人员造成的或与承包商作业人员有关。法律法规和职业安全健康标准也对承包商管理提出了明确的要求。因此,承包商管理,已成为生产经营单位职业安全健康管理中的重要环节。笔者从采购管制、作业管理、监测与测量3个方面讨论了承包商管理的基本内容;进而讨论了临时、长期和重点承包商管理的大思路和具体方法。     

员工对企业建立职业健康安全管理体系反应调查研究

为了解和评价企业建立OSHMS后,员工的主观反应和正、负两方面评价意见,对已建OSHMS 64家企业中的1602名职工(观察组)和未建OSHMS 的 61家企业中的1517名职工(对照组)做了标准化问卷调查,调查采用随机抽样、标准化问卷、统一调查程序和系统质量控制等技术方法.问卷中设置了经过专家筛选的12个问题,分A、B两组每组6个问题,其中5个为正面,1个为负面反应问题,依据回答问题的程度不同划出a、b、c和d四个级别,分别赋予不同分值.问卷调查结果表明:观察组在企业职工全员参与、职业安全卫生教育培训、作业环境整改和搞好安全生产信心与能力等多个方面都得到明显改善与提高,与未建OSHMS企业的对照组相比较,差异非常显著.同时分析结果也提示:企业推行OSHMS过程中可能增加员工心理压力和给工作带来一些不便,一小部分职工对职业安全健康管理工作发生的一些变化还不能完全适应,应引起注意.作者认为,企业通过建立和运行OSHMS可以提高企业安全生产管理水平和获得显著职业安全卫生绩效,企业职工在OSHMS建立后安全生产的意识能力和自信心都得到了明显加强.建议应进一步在企业推行应用并在实际工作中不断改进和完善.政府对于企业自主采取的先进的管理体系应予一定的支持和鼓励,如给与某些政策上的支持.     

企业一体化管理体系实施模式探讨

笔者依据ISO90 0 1、ISO14 0 0 1及OHSAS180 0 1标准 ,为企业进行质量、环境及职业安全健康管理体系整合并实现一体化管理提出了实施模式     

Computer-based training for safety: comparing methods with older and younger workers

INTRODUCTION: Computer-based safety training is becoming more common and is being delivered to an increasingly aging workforce. Aging results in a number of changes that make it more difficult to learn from certain types of computer-based training. Instructional designs derived from cognitive learning theories may overcome some of these difficulties. METHODS: Three versions of computer-based respiratory safety training were shown to older and younger workers who then took a high and a low level learning test. RESULTS: Younger workers did better overall. Both older and younger workers did best with the version containing text with pictures and audio narration. DISCUSSION: Computer-based training with pictures and audio narration may be beneficial for workers over 45 years of age. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Computer-based safety training has advantages but workers of different ages may benefit differently. Computer-based safety programs should be designed and selected based on their ability to effectively train older as well as younger learners.     

企业劳动安全卫生的模糊综合评价

企业的劳动安全卫生状况必须符合国家规定的标准,而企业投入与安全效用的关系密不可分。在市场经济条件下,安全经济问题具有多目标、多属性的特点,劳动安全卫生评价,实质上是评价企业投入的合理配置及效用均衡。对于受多因素影响的复杂问题,本文应用模糊数学综合评价方法,建立企业劳动安全卫生的多层次模糊综合评价模型。     

安太堡露天煤矿职业健康安全管理体系绩效分析

通过对安太堡露天煤矿职业健康安全管理体系认证前后安全生产管理基础数据的调查和统计,采用定性和定量的分析方法对该企业的安全管理水平进行了绩效对比分析和模型分析。结果表明,对于露天煤矿企业,建立职业健康安全管理体系有利于提高企业安全管理的水平;同时证明,该绩效分析方法具有分析过程简单、分析结果科学实用等优点。     

Working in small enterprises – Is there a special risk?

Ownership structure is an important factor. For independent enterprises, the ergonomic, physical and chemical work environment is more hazardous in small enterprises than in large ones. For enterprises that are part of a larger organization, the work environment tends to be more hazardous in large enterprises when controlling for the same factors. For the psychosocial factors, the trend is different – better in small than in large enterprises independent of ownership. In all enterprises, both public and private, the quality of health and safety management systems and workplace assessment is remarkably higher in large than in small enterprises.These differences in work environment for small and large enterprises have been studied in the ‘Danish Work Environment Cohort Study’ and ‘Surveillance of health and safety activities in enterprises’. These datasets are linked together to a reliable database with data on work environment and enterprises including size, ownership structure, and health and safety management.     

EMS与OSHMS的整合研究

近年来 ,在环境管理体系和职业安全健康管理体系的建立、认证和持续改进的实践中 ,企业、咨询与认证机构都发现 ,两体系独立建立、完善和持续改进 ,不断提升中 ,仍存在一些问题 ,人们提出 ,实现两大管理体系的整合 ,不仅有利于企业对环境管理和职业安全健康管理的资源共享 ,而且也是顺应国际认证发展的潮流。为此 ,笔者论述了两大管理体系整合的原因 ;讨论了整合的基本原则和难点 ;分析了两大管理体系整合的基本思路 ;研究了ESH整合型管理体系的实现过程。