舰载飞机弹射动力学仿真与试验验证

目的获取舰载飞机弹射过程中冲击动载荷在结构上的响应规律,以及前起落架和与其连接的机体主传力结构的动响应特性。方法基于多体系统动力学理论,建立描述舰载机弹射过程的刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型,对弹射过程进行仿真分析。同时开展地面模拟弹射冲击试验,通过仿真和试验对照,重点研究牵制载荷突卸瞬间结构的动态响应规律。结果仿真和试验得到结构传力路径各点的加速度和应力响应数据,试验测得机体结构加速度峰值达到255g,而同位置的应力峰值为85 MPa,仿真和试验数据的趋势一致。结论牵制载荷突卸形成的冲击动响应峰值沿着结构传力路径衰减。航向加速度和应力响应峰值随着牵制释放载荷的增加而增加。虽然瞬态加速度峰值达到较高水平,但是瞬态作用机体结构的应力峰值不高,不足以造成结构失效。结构设计应重点关注弹射冲击响应峰值和振动疲劳的影响。     

The Reduction of Stranded Oil by In Situ Shoreline Treatment Options

The Svalbard Shoreline Field Trials quantified the effectiveness of sediment relocation, mixing, bioremediation, bioremediation combined with mixing, and natural attenuation as options for the in situ treatment of oiled mixed-sediment (sand and pebble) shorelines. These treatments were applied to oiled plots located in the upper beach at three experimental sites, each with different sediment character and wave-energy exposure. Systematic monitoring was carried out over a 400-day period to quantify oil removal and to document changes in the physical character of the beach, oil penetration, oil loading, movements of oil to the subtidal environment, biodegradation, toxicity, and to validate oil-mineral aggregate formation.The results of the monitoring confirmed that sediment relocation significantly accelerated the rate of oil removal and reduced oil persistence where oil was stranded on the beach face above the level of normal wave activity. Where the stranded oil was in the zone of wave action, sediment relocation accelerated the short-term (weeks) rate of oil loss from the intertidal sediments.Oil removal rates on a beach treated by mechanical mixing or tilling were not significantly higher than those associated with natural recovery. However there is evidence that mixing/tilling may have enhanced microbial activity for a limited period by increasing the permeability of the sediment.Changes in the chemical composition of the oil demonstrated that biodegradation was significant in this arctic environment and a bioremediation treatment protocol based on nutrient enrichment effectively doubled the rate of biodegradation. However, on an operational scale, the success of this treatment strategy was limited as physical processes were more important in causing oil loss from the beaches than biodegradation, even where this oil loss was stimulated by the bioremediation protocols.     

罐体油泥自动清理系统研究

油田罐体内易沉积泥砂，这些合油泥砂的自动清理及无污排放难题长期无法解决。本文通过介绍一个工程应用，给出了一套解决此问题的工艺流程。     

Disaster management in the Caribbean: Perspectives on institutional capacity reform and development

This paper is a reflective contribution on the issues and processes that have influenced and informed the development and institutionalization of disaster management practice and policy in the Caribbean over the last two and a half decades. It takes the viewpoint of a ‘participant observer’ and seeks to not only describe the events and triggers but also to raise some key questions necessary to chart the way forward.     

中国石油数字化应急预案系统研究

中国石油高度重视应急预案体系建设工作,集团公司和所属企业均在风险分析的基础上,建立了“横向到边、纵向到底”的应急预案体系,为有效应对各类突发事件提供了重要的支持.旨在对文本应急预案的数字化应用技术进行研究,以进一步提高应急预案的可操作性.首先,探讨了数字化应急预案的概念,分析了国内外数字化应急预案系统技术的研究现状.其次,基于中国石油数字化应急预案系统的需求分析,从业务流程设计、系统部署设计和系统功能设计等三个方面对其进行了研究和分析.最后,立足于中国石油应急信息系统建设实际,提出了中国石油建设数字化预案系统建设的实施步骤.     

基于地理信息系统(GIS)的应急调度中最佳路径的一种选择方法

在分析城市道路网络最短路径算法和地理信息系统(GIS)特点的基础上,提出城市紧急事件发生后,应急调度中最佳路径算法。在事故发生点周围及应急资源周围的道路细节不清晰的情况下,建立虚拟辅助道路,利用最短路径算法(Dijkstra算法)找出应急资源与事故发生点的最短路径。最后用一个简单的算例进行验算,说明该算法适用于事故发生点周围及应急资源周围的道路细节不清晰情况下的应急调度。     

可移动危险源事故应急救援的响应与启动初探

在对可移动危险源事故案例的调研基础上,分析和探讨可移动危险源事故的原因及应急处置现状。结合对可移动危险源动态安全监控的实践,对可移动危险源事故发生地点的不确定性、监管手段的缺乏、环境条件复杂等特性,提出了可移动危险源事故应急响应系统的几个组成部分及其功能;建立了应急救援启动程序;对可移动危险源事故信息反馈的各种异常情况下的报警与接警、事故信息的判断与应对及协调指挥机制、应急救援预案启动机制等关键问题给出了初步的解决设想;并提出了事故后能否及时报警、各级救援机构的关系等需进一步探索和解决的问题。     

The effect of admixed material on the minimum explosible concentration of oil shale

The minimum explosible concentration (MEC) in the air atmosphere at the boundary between an explosion and no explosion in a dust cloud, has been investigated for several particle sizes of oil shale and for mixtures of oil shale and inert powder of different particle size. Limestone, stone dust and coarse particle size of oil shale were used as inert materials. Measurements were made in a standard small vertical tube apparatus. The results obtained indicated that the minimum explosible concentration is dependent on the particle size, i.e., values of MEC decrease with a decrease in the size of the particles. Below 70 μm, values of MEC become almost constant. Admixture of limestone as low as 5% to oil shale is sufficient to reduce the MEC values significantly.     

斜撑框架结构弹塑性地震反应计算分析

运用结构弹塑性时程分析的基本原理 ,针对钢筋混凝土斜撑框架结构的特点 ,编制了斜撑框架结构弹塑性时程分析程序。然后以工程中常用的 3种类型的斜撑框架结构为研究对象 ,对该种结构体系在地震波作用下的反应进行了计算 ,并对该种结构体系在地震波作用下的反应性能进行了分析。计算结果表明 :斜撑形式对斜撑框架结构的动力特性有较大影响 ,不同斜撑形式的斜撑框架结构在地震波作用下的反应特性有较大的不同。