Round Robin Study--Oil Spill Identification

As part of the ongoing work to develop new guidelines for oil spill identification for the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), a Round Robin test was arranged by SINTEF in co-operation with the Norwegian General Standardizing Body (NAS). Twelve laboratories from ten countries participated in the Round Robin study. They include: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, Sweden, Wales, and the U.S.A. The analytical methodology used for the Round Robin testing is a result of the ongoing project "Revision of the Nordtest Methodology for Oil Spill Identification". The analytical methodology is described in the AMOP proceedings 2002. Seven oil samples (two artificially weathered "spill" samples and five possible sources) were analyzed following the recommended analytical protocols. The Round Robin study was a "difficult case", because the two spill samples and three of the suspected sources were highly correlated to one another. These samples were from the same oil field in the North Sea, but from different production wells. The present paper summarizes the Round Robin study, and demonstrates the potential of this methodology as a strong technically defensible tool in oil spill identification due to its ability to distinguish qualitatively similar oils from a spill and any available candidate source.     

可旋转径向式微粒捕集器消声特性影响因素灰色关联分析

为降低可旋转径向式微粒捕集器中的排气噪声,采用有限元法建立可旋转径向式微粒捕集器声学特性模型,分析得到了其消声特性和传递损失曲线,并采用灰色关联分析方法研究可旋转径向式微粒捕集器结构参数对消声特性的影响程度。结果表明,可旋转径向式微粒捕集器具有降噪能力,且对高频噪声消声效果明显好于低频噪声,平均消声量为20 dB左右;直径比和扩张管锥角是影响可旋转径向式微粒捕集器消声特性的2个主要因素,适当选用小的直径比和扩张管锥角,有利于提高可旋转径向式微粒捕集器的消声性能。     

Environmental assessment of garden waste management in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark

An environmental assessment of six scenarios for handling of garden waste in the Municipality of Aarhus (Denmark) was performed from a life cycle perspective by means of the LCA-model EASEWASTE. In the first (baseline) scenario, the current garden waste management system based on windrow composting was assessed, while in the other five scenarios alternative solutions including incineration and home composting of fractions of the garden waste were evaluated. The environmental profile (normalised to Person Equivalent, PE) of the current garden waste management in Aarhus is in the order of −6 to 8 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the non-toxic categories and up to 100 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the toxic categories. The potential impacts on non-toxic categories are much smaller than what is found for other fractions of municipal solid waste. Incineration (up to 35% of the garden waste) and home composting (up to 18% of the garden waste) seem from an environmental point of view suitable for diverting waste away from the composting facility in order to increase its capacity. In particular the incineration of woody parts of the garden waste improved the environmental profile of the garden waste management significantly.     

Terrestrial exposure of oilfield flowline additives diminish soil structural stability and remediative microbial function

Onshore oil production pipelines are major installations in the petroleum industry, stretching many thousands of kilometres worldwide which also contain flowline additives. The current study focuses on the effect of the flowline additives on soil physico-chemical and biological properties and quantified the impact using resilience and resistance indices. Our findings are the first to highlight deleterious effect of flowline additives by altering some fundamental soil properties, including a complete loss of structural integrity of the impacted soil and a reduced capacity to degrade hydrocarbons mainly due to: (i) phosphonate salts (in scale inhibitor) prevented accumulation of scale in pipelines but also disrupted soil physical structure; (ii) glutaraldehyde (in biocides) which repressed microbial activity in the pipeline and reduced hydrocarbon degradation in soil upon environmental exposure; (iii) the combinatory effects of these two chemicals synergistically caused severe soil structural collapse and disruption of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.     

高压输电线路跨越建筑物工频电场研究

当高压输电线路跨越或邻近建筑物时,线路下方区域工频电场会发生不同程度的畸变,此时,传统的二维模型已无法正确描述该情况时线路下方工频电场的分布。利用自编仿真软件进行模拟,并结合实测数据,研究和分析高压输电线路跨越或邻近建筑物时线路下方的工频电场分布和变化趋势。     

西电东送生态补偿标准初探

西电东送南通道规模不断扩大,电力开发过程导致电力输出地生态环境受损,但西电价格却尚未充分体现生态环境成本,地区之间生态环境利益矛盾日益凸显,亟待生态补偿机制对各方利益关系进行协调.本文从输出地和输入地两个视角出发,综合生态环境损失价值与恢复治理成本两方面内容,对发电各环节的生态补偿进行了估算.输出地视角下,本文区分治理与否两种情况,分别计算生态补偿标准;结合已治理电容比例,计算生态补偿平均额度,并设计低、中、高三套补偿方案.其中,中方案为火电0.134元/kwh,水电0.019元/kwho输入地视角下,本文综合考虑了广东省的电源结构和排污所致边际损失,估算广东省环境收益(意愿支付的生态补偿上限)为0.39元/kwh.按照中方案,西电项目中广东省2010年需支付生态补偿费70.5亿元,而获得的生态环境收益则高达304.7亿元.     

基于大数据监管平台的通信基站监督性监测技术模式

提出一种基于大数据监管平台的通信基站监督监测技术模式,利用大数据监管平台实现监督监测对象的自动筛选、开展线上全流程监测、自动分析比对监测结果,并将该技术模式用于2019年和2020年广东省10.5万个通信基站的监督监测。结果表明,通信基站备案基础信息的相符率为75.3%～98.6%;社会化监测机构关键点位电磁环境监测结果相符率为60.0%～92.3%。该结果可用于评估广东省通信基站建设单位备案的基础信息相符性结果和社会化监测机构监测质量。     

Management of the Panzootic White‐Nose Syndrome through Culling of Bats

Abstract: The probability of persistence of many species of hibernating bats in the United States is greatly reduced by an emerging infectious disease, white‐nose syndrome (WNS). In the United States WNS is rapidly spreading and is associated with a psychrophilic fungus, Geomyces destructans. WNS has caused massive mortality of bats that hibernate. Efforts to control the disease have been ineffective. The culling of bats in hibernacula has been proposed as a way to break the transmission cycle or slow the spread of WNS. We formulated a disease model to examine the efficacy of culling to abate WNS in bat populations. We based the model dynamics on disease transmission in maternity roosts, swarms, and hibernacula, which are the arenas of contact among bats. Our simulations indicated culling will not control WNS in bats primarily because contact rates are high among colonial bats, contact occurs in multiple arenas, and periodic movement between arenas occurs. In general, culling is ineffective in the control of animal diseases in the wild.     

Distribution and persistence of carbaryl in some terrestrial and aquatic components of a forest environment

Abstract

An oil‐based formulation of carbaryl (1‐naphthyl N‐methyl‐carbamate) (Sevin‐2‐Oil) was applied twice by a fixed‐wing aircraft at a dosage rate of 280 g of A.I./ha/application to a coniferous forest near Allardville, New Brunswick. The highest concentrations of the chemical in fir foliage, litter and forest soil 1 h after application were respectively 4.20, 1.21 and 0.59 ppm (fresh weight). The residues dissipated rapidly and the DT50 values obtained from the depletion curves were 2.3 d for foliage and 1.5 d for litter and soil samples. Very low levels (<0.1 ppm) of carbaryl persisted in foliage and litter beyond the 10 d sampling period. The maximum residue level found in stream water was 0.314 ppm and more than 50% of it had dissipated within 1 h. Low but detectable levels (0.001 ppm) of the chemical persisted in water until the end of the 10 d sampling period. Sediment samples contained a maximum level of 0.04 ppm, which dissipated below the detection limit within 5 h. Brook trout and slimy sculpins captured in the stream 1 d after the spray contained on average about 0.04 ppm of carbaryl and none of it was found in 3 d postspray samples.