二阶模糊安全评估方法及其在油库安全评价中的应用

通过分析油库安全因素的层次关系,将影响油库安全的因素划分为人员、装备、管理以及环境因素等不同的层次,并对油库安全指标、各层次间的评估方法以及模糊运算方法进行研究,建立针对油库安全的二阶综合模糊评估模型,给出评估的整体流程。评估过程中以改进的层次分析法确定不同层次和因素的重要度,以加权平均方法为模糊运算准则。利用建立的评估体系对某油库的安全状况进行评估,并根据总体评估结果和各层次评估结果中的不足,提出了油库安全整改意见。评估实施过程表明:该二阶综合模糊评估模型避免了评估中的主观因素,并且可操作性好,评估过程易于实现。     

Research on three-dimensional visualization system of Natech events triggered domino accidents in oil-gas depots

Natech events and domino accidents happen worldwide and usually lead to severe consequences, especially in hazardous areas such as Oil-Gas depots. With the continuous development of the Oil-Gas industry and information technology, it is essential to realize the three-dimensional management and monitoring of hazardous substances. To evaluate the consequences caused by Natech events triggered domino accidents (accident chain), a matrix loop method was proposed to calculate the probability and evolution path of the accident chain. The actual layout and the real-time data of the Oil-Gas depot are input into the evaluation method in matrices, thus making the results reliable and updated. Besides, a B/S architecture system is developed to present the evaluation consequences of the proposed method. The three-dimensional visualization effects of natural disasters, technological accidents and the dynamic propagation process of the accident chain are also realized in the system to enhance the user's experience. A system application regarding lightning-triggered domino accidents was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and rapidity of the proposed evaluation method and perform the system's operation process and visualization effects. The application results show that the system can provide effective decision-making assistance to safety management workers before the accident and guidance for emergency rescue operations during the accident.     

地铁车辆段试车线噪声源强及传播规律实测分析

以深圳市前海湾车辆段和横岗车辆段试车线为例,对其试车过程中的噪声影响源强及传播情况进行实测分析。结果表明,试车线车辆行驶速度约为36 km/h,噪声源强LeqA约为73 d B左右,试车中噪声最大值约为83 d B;试车线内噪声源的传播并不完全遵循一般的线性递减规律,在距声源30 m范围内,距声源越近,衰减量越小,反之,主要是由于距离声源越远,受到墙体或立柱等阻挡引起的附加衰减就越大。     

抑制油料洞库油气爆炸传播的新技术设想

针对目前常用的油气爆炸抑制技术在油料洞库应用中存在的不足,提出了一种利用真空腔技术来抑制油料洞库油气爆炸的设想,并对真空腔抑制油气爆炸过程中的传热机理和传质机理进行了详细分析.     

石油库储罐区池火灾事故后果模拟探讨

石油库储罐区火灾、爆炸事故危害巨大.通过对某石油库储罐区池火灾事故后果进行预测评价,对石油库储罐区池火灾事故后果模拟方法进行了讨论和对比,为石油库安全管理、安全评价和应急救援预案编制提供有益的探索.     

Junk-buyers as the linkage between waste sources and redemption depots in urban China: the case of Wuhan

This paper locates junk-buyers in the recycling chain that includes waste source, collection system and end-user. With increasing needs of convenience for recycling at waste sources but disappearing redemption depots in city blocks of China, junk-buyers play a role of linkage between waste sources and redemption depots. It is these door-to-door collectors who make the general public aware of cash value inside recyclable waste. Also, the motivation of getting cash back pushes junk-buyers become immediate suppliers to redemption depots. Without junk-buyers as door-to-door collectors, the current waste recovery system in post-Mao's China would brake down. However, as in other developing countries, the junk-buyer occupation in urban China currently is typically driven by economic incentives, and the door-to-door collection of recyclable waste completely falls into junk-buyer individual business. It is difficult for junk-buyers who mainly come from the countryside to establish stable relations with waste sources for lack of recognition from urban society. The appropriate allocation of individual time and space becomes crucial to conducting the door-to-door activities so as to collecting more recyclables. While the collecting territory as the condition of production is positively reflected by the usual extent of the collecting distance, junk-buyers mostly spend time in finding sellers instead of simply expanding their collecting territory. This is a typical example of the cheapest and lowest skilled labor forces being in relatively unlimited supply in a developing country.     

事故树在油库静电火灾爆炸分析中的应用

主要分析了引起油库静电火灾爆炸的各种原因和环节,并建立了油库静电火灾爆炸事故树。通过对事故树的定性分析,提出了预防油库静电火灾爆炸事故的对策,给出了具体的防静电措施。     

油库火灾原因分析

油库火灾爆炸事故除易造成人员中毒、伤亡、经济损失巨大外,还会导致环境污染严重。近十年来油罐单罐面积越来越大,油库火灾爆炸发生的次数和损失与2000年以前相比急剧增长,特别是对环境的污染日益引起人们的重视。通过对23起油库火灾爆炸事故案例进行分析,发现静电是引发油库火灾爆炸几率最大的火源,输、卸油是最易引发油库火灾的操作工艺,人为的操作失误是油库发生火灾爆炸事故的主要原因。探索油库火灾爆炸事故发生的原因,对减少、避免同类事故的发生具有重要价值和意义。     

铁路与油库安全距离不足的技术解决方案

针对南水北调国家重点工程中的国家铁路线(临时)和油库LPG储罐、卸气栈桥及卸油栈桥安全距离不足问题,通过典型事故后果模拟,分别模拟了LPG储罐底部管线全管径破裂泄漏、LPG栈桥液相管全管径破裂泄漏及成品油栈桥管线全管径破裂泄漏等3种事故情景可能事故后果效应及影响范围,研究了各类事故后果与临时铁路线、临时围墙间相互关系及影响,提出了有针对性的安全对策措施.     

油库安全综合评价的AHP-Fuzzy方法

在简要分析了AHP和模糊综合评价2种系统评价方法特点的基础上,把2种方法结合起来,对油库安全系统进行分析。从人员、设备、管理、环境等因素出发,建立了油库安全评价指标体系。进而提出了多级AHP-Fuzzy综合评价方法。实例证明,该方法具有2种方法的优点,而且能较好地保证评价结合的客观性。