全文获取类型
收费全文 | 844篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
国内免费 | 101篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 34篇 |
废物处理 | 12篇 |
环保管理 | 131篇 |
综合类 | 398篇 |
基础理论 | 149篇 |
污染及防治 | 85篇 |
评价与监测 | 160篇 |
社会与环境 | 9篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有981条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
881.
It has been postulated that chorionic villi with abundant sprouts have a higher mitotic index and are therefore preferable for obtaining direct chromosome preparations from chorionic villus samples. This theory was tested by correlating villous morphology with mitotic index. Surprisingly, no statistically significant relationship was found. Choice of culture medium, however, was found to be important, with serum-free RPMI yielding a higher mitotic index than 40 per cent FCS in MEM. We conclude that villous morphology, as assessed in this study, is not a major factor in determining the success of direct chromosome preparations. 相似文献
882.
Ranked set sampling: an annotated bibliography 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
The paper provides an up-to-date annotated bibliography of the literature on ranked set sampling. The bibliography includes all pertinent papers known to the authors, and is intended to cover applications as well as theoretical developments. The annotations are arranged in chronological order and are intended to be sufficiently complete and detailed that a reading from beginning to end would provide a statistically mature reader with a state-of-the-art survey of ranked set sampling, including historical development, current status, and future research directions and applications. A final section of the paper gives a listing of all annotated papers, arranged in alphabetical order by author.This paper was prepared with partial support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency under a Cooperative Agreement Number CR-821531. The contents have not been subject to Agency review and therefore do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. 相似文献
883.
Estimator bias and efficiency for adaptive cluster sampling with order statistics and a stopping rule 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Practical problems facing adaptive cluster sampling with order statistics (acsord) are explored using Monte Carlo simulation for three simulated fish populations and two known waterfowl populations. First, properties of an unbiased Hansen-Hurwitz (HH) estimator and a biased alternative Horvitz-Thompson (HT) estimator are evaluated. An increase in the level of population aggregation or the initial sample size increases the efficiencies of the two acsord estimators. For less aggregated fish populations, the efficiencies decrease as the order statistic parameter r (the number of units about which adaptive sampling is carried out) increases; for the highly aggregated fish and waterfowl populations, they increase with r. Acsord is almost always more efficient than simple random sampling for the highly aggregated populations. Positive bias is observed for the HT estimator, with the maximum bias usually occurring at small values of r. Secondly, a stopping rule at the Sth iteration of adaptive sampling beyond the initial sampling unit was applied to the acsord design to limit the otherwise open-ended sampling effort. The stopping rule induces relatively high positive bias to the HH estimator if the level of the population aggregation is high, the stopping level S is small, and r is large. The bias of HT is not very sensitive to the stopping rule and its bias is often reduced by the stopping rule at smaller values of r. For more aggregated populations, the stopping rule often reduces the efficiencies of the estimators compared to the non-stopping-rule scheme, but acsord still remains more efficient than simple random sampling. Despite its bias and lack of theoretical grounding, the HT estimator is usually more efficient than the HH estimator. In the stopping rule case, the HT estimator is preferable, because its bias is less sensitive to the stopping level. 相似文献
884.
Arthur L. Dryver 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2003,10(1):107-113
Adaptive cluster sampling has been proven to perform well in a univariate setting, but it may not perform well when there are several parameters of interest. The efficiency of adaptive sampling when there are several variables of interest depends on the relationship of the variables with one another. 相似文献
885.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo on optimal adaptive sampling selections 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chang-Tai Chao 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2003,10(1):129-151
Under a Bayesian population model with a given prior distribution, the optimal sampling strategy with a fixed sample size n is an n-phase adaptive one. That is, the selection of the next sampling units should sequentially depend on the information obtained from the previously selected units, including the observed values of interest. Such an optimal strategy is in general not executable in practice due to its intensive computation. In many survey sampling situations, an important problem is that one would like to select a set of units in addition to a certain number of sampling units which have been observed. If the optimal strategy is an adaptive one, the selection of the additional units should take both the labels and the observed values of the already selected units into account. Hence, a simpler optimal two-phase adaptive sampling strategy under a Bayesian population model is proposed in this article for practical interest. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method is used to approximate the posterior joint distribution of the unobserved population units after the first phase sampling, for the optimal selection of the second phase sample. This approximation method is found to be successful to select the optimal second-phase sample. Finally, this optimal strategy is applied to a set of data from a study of geothermal CO2 emissions in Yellowstone National Park as a practical illustrative example. 相似文献
886.
Cleanup standards at hazardous waste sites include (i) numeric standards (often risk-based), (ii) background standards in which the remediated site is compared with data from a supposedly clean region, and (iii) interim standards in which the remediated site is compared with preremediation data from the same site. The latter are especially appropriate for verifying progress when an innovative, but unproven, technology is used for remediation. Standards of type (i) require one-sample statistical tests, while those of type (ii) and type (iii) call for two-sample tests. This paper considers two-sample tests with an emphasis upon the type (iii) scenario. Both parametric (likelihood ratio) and nonparametric (linear rank) protocols are examined. The methods are illustrated with preremediation data from a site on the National Priorities List. The results indicate that nonparametric procedures can be quite competitive (in terms of power) with distributional modelling provided a near optimal rank test is selected. Suggestions are given for identifying such rank tests. The results also confirm the importance of sound baseline sampling; no amount of post-remediation sampling can overcome baseline deficiencies.This paper has been prepared with partial support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency under a Cooperative Agreement Number CR-815273. The contents have not been subject to Agency review and therefore do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. 相似文献
887.
Timothy G. Gregoire Nicholas S. Monkevich 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》1994,1(3):219-226
When a line transect overlaps the boundary of the sampled region, it can be reflected back on top of itself into the region, thereby making it possible to include elements near the edge twice from the same transect. A practical advantage of doing so is the reduction of field time and effort compared to the customary procedure of folding the transect back into another part of the region. An estimator is presented which accounts for this procedure in a way that preserves design-unbiased estimation. 相似文献
888.
889.
R. J. Wapner MD J. L. Simpson M. S. Golbus J. M. Zachary D. H. Ledbetter R. J. Desnick S. E. Fowler L. G. Jackson H. Lubs R. J. Mahony E. Pergament G. G. Rhoads J. D. Shulman F. De La Cruz 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(5):347-355
Cytogenetic data from the United States NICHD collaborative study of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) were used to evaluate the clinical significance of chorionic mosaicism. The 10 754 patients with normal cytogenetic results were compared wtih 108 patients (1.0 per cent) with placental mosaicism and 181 patients (1.6 per cent) with pseudomosaicism. Of the pregnancies intended to continue, the pregnancy loss rate was significantly greater in patients with placental mosaicism than in the cytogenetically normal cohort (8.6 vs. 3.4 per cent, p <0.05). However, there was no difference in the frequencies of abruptio placenta, preterm labour or delivery, small-for-gestational-age newborns, pregnancy-induced hypertension, or neonates with Apgar scores less than 7. 相似文献
890.
First trimester fetal diagnosis was established in 100 pregnancies at risk by transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS). Forty-eight per cent of the women were 35 years or more at the time of sampling. Using the double needle technique, both the aspiration and the diagnostic success rate were 100 per cent. The mean amount of villi aspirated was 28·2 mg (10–50 mg). The mean needle time was 3 min. Vaginal spotting appeared in 2 per cent of the women. Four women had therapeutic abortion due to abnormal findings and one for social reasons. Three fetuses with normal karyotypes were lost. Excluding the therapeutic abortions, the fetal loss rate was 3±2 per cent. The fetal loss rate in the amniocentesis control group (n = 200) was 3±6 per cent. The cytogenetic diagnosis was carried out by the direct preparation technique as well as by chorion villus cultivation. All karyotypes were confirmed by lymphocyte cultures from umbilical cord blood or heel blood from the newborn or from aborted fetal tissue. Transabdominal CVS is deemed a safe and easy tool for achieving chorionic villi in the first trimester. 相似文献