基于前景理论和BWM的深基坑支护方案综合评价

针对深基坑施工工程的复杂性及决策者风险态度对多指标决策的影响,构建了融合前景理论的深基坑施工支护最优方案选择模型。首先建立深基坑支护方案优选决策问题的多目标评价指标体系,借鉴TOPSIS思想将正、负理想方案作为决策者参照值,在此基础上,进一步将灰色关联分析法引入前景理论定义了正、负价值函数;通过BWM方法得出各指标的客观权重,根据权重函数得到决策者对客观权重的主观评价,在此基础上计算每个备选方案的综合前景值并排序,获得最优支护方案。最终通过两个工程实例验证了模型的有效性,并通过与其他方法比较说明了该模型在准确性方面的优势。     

窄长类匝道基坑开挖变形监测数据统计分析

为研究窄长类基坑开挖过程中基坑变形性状和基坑开挖对近邻的扰动,以上海市某匝道基坑开挖工程为案例,采用统计方法对该基坑围护结构、邻近地表、周边建筑变形监测数据进行分析.结果表明:相较于民建宽大类基坑,窄长类基坑开挖对于围护结构侧向位移、墙后地表沉降、邻近既有建筑倾斜大小的影响更小,而在围护结构最大侧向位移出现的位置上,二...     

安全管理系统的负熵机理及其模型化控制的探讨

试用现代系统论的重要学说——耗散结构论的观点,研究安全管理工程的各种属性,指出其具有普遍意义的负熵机理。在对安全状态函数分析的基础上,建立起安全管理工程的数学模型并进行了探讨。论述了模型化控制方法是深入发展科学型,定量型,预测型安全管理科学的重要途径。     

砼芯水泥土搅拌桩基坑支护的有限元分析

砼芯水泥土搅拌桩支护方法异于常用的支护方法,没有现成的经验可借鉴,用普通的近似方法分析和设计有较大难度。为了准确了解基坑支护结构的变形情况,确保工程安全,也为了便于该新型支护方法的推广,对该基坑支护形式进行了二维有限元分析。有限元分析中采用理想弹塑性模型,考虑了支护结构和土体之间的相互作用,并将计算结果与普通的近似方法计算结果进行了比较,发现用普通近似方法进行设计存在一定的安全隐患。对砼芯水泥土搅拌桩支护设计涉及到的水泥土桩长、方桩桩长、岩土的弹模、桩间距等关键参数进行了分析和讨论,最后对砼芯水泥土搅拌桩支护设计提出了可行建议。     

Influence of the Haizhou Open Pit Coal Mine on the atmospheric flow over Fuxin, China

The influence of the Haizhou Open Pit Mine on the atmospheric flow in nearby Fuxin City in China was analyzed with the aid of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations. The finite element method was used to obtain numerical solutions to these equations. The results showed that the Haizhou Open Pit Coal Mine contributes to the turbulent flow in the Fuxin City and its surroundings. However,when compared with the climatic effects, the open pit mine has a relatively small impact on the atmospheric flow over Fuxin.     

Ecodynamics: Towards an evolutionary thermodynamics of ecosystems

This paper collects, with few minor formal changes, two of the latest scientific contributions ( [Tiezzi, 2006a] and [Tiezzi et al., 2010]) written by Prof. Enzo Tiezzi, where he introduced new concepts and tools to formalize and understand the role of thermodynamics in ecosystems theory.Particular attention is devoted to goal functions, to the relation of matter, energy, space and time and to the interdisciplinary approach connecting thermodynamics and biology. Entropy is discussed as a fundamental goal function in the far from equilibrium framework. The relationship between entropy, as a non-state function, and the state-function energy is stressed and discussed, at the light of the role of information. The theory of probability is also discussed in the light of new theoretical findings related to the role of events, also in terms of entropy and evolutionary thermodynamics.Confined Ontic Open Systems (COOS) represent the latest model proposed by Prof. Tiezzi based on his Ecodynamic theory, evolutionary thermodynamics, Ulanowicz's ontic. The model has a wide range of applications, including ecosystems, ecological economics, urban organization, the supra-molecular structure of water and global biosphere's models. The model is explained in terms of evolutionary thermodynamics and Jørgensen's ecosystems theory.     

The Economic Value of Open Space: A Review and Synthesis

/ Communities increasingly face development pressures that can irreversibly alter open space lands. While the monetary costs and benefits of development are typically known, the corresponding values of natural lands are complex and difficult to measure. This paper reviews different concepts of economic value in relation to open space, describes methods for quantifying these values, and presents examples of each from published literature. Open space benefits accruing to citizens as market values or consumers' surplus include market and enhancement values, production values, natural systems value, use and nonuse values, and various intangible values. Economic impacts that open space lands have on local communities and economies include fiscal impacts on municipal budgets, expenditures from open space-related activities, and impacts from employment and tax revenues. These values are not universally present within a given community, nor are they quantitatively additive. However, a comprehensive consideration of the multiple values of open space will better inform community decisions about land conservation and development. KEY WORDS: Conservation; Economic value; Land use; Open space; Zoning     

天然花岗岩夹杂云母中核径迹腐蚀坑成因探讨

采用地表采集到的天然云母样品(不做蚀刻),直接用光学显微镜进行观察,观察到与传统方法同样的微米数量级腐蚀坑.并分析了腐蚀坑的成因,指出了这些新发现的腐蚀坑的环境意义.     

Valuation of open space and conservation features in residential subdivisions

Conservation subdivision design has been promoted as a way to protect ecologically sensitive areas while maintaining housing densities comparable to standard subdivisions, but many developers and planners question the appeal of conservation design to consumers. This study was conducted to compare economic aspects of conservation subdivision design to standard subdivision design in the midwestern United States. Three methods were used to determine the value homebuyers have for embedded conservation features in residential areas: transactional analyses (to indicate the value homebuyers have expressed for such features in the past); hedonic analyses (to determine the proportion of present value of homes attributable to such features); and contingent valuation (to examine willingness to pay according to homebuyers' preferred features, an indicator of potential future investment). Transactional analyses were based on assessment and transaction data for homes in three conservation-oriented subdivisions and three standard subdivisions in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. Hedonic price models were also derived from assessment and transaction data. Contingent valuation analyses were based on a survey of residents in the same six subdivisions. Transactional data indicated higher 5-year appreciation rates for conservation versus standard subdivision design. Hedonic price models revealed that well-integrated conservation features (e.g. protected stream corridors) within subdivisions have a positive effect on home prices. Sixty-six percent of all respondents indicated willingness to pay for more embedded open space. Maximum willingness to pay was related to several factors including income, gender, desired level of open space, and concern about urban development. Overall, these results indicate that consumer demand and willingness to pay for conservation subdivision design are positive and should not be considered a barrier to implementation.     

黄土深基坑降水诱发的地基附加应力和沉降简化计算

为预测黄土地区深基坑降水导致的地层不均匀沉降,确保坑周建筑物安全,基于弦线模量法、弹性半无限体理论和剪切位移法,将坑周土体以降水曲线为界分为疏干区和饱和区,综合考虑绕渗区内渗流力在水平方向的分量和桩-土界面侧摩阻力对土体的约束作用,推导降水引起地基附加应力和地面沉降的理论计算公式,将理论计算值与工程实际监测数据对比分析。研究结果表明:改进后的计算方法能反应出浸润曲线以下土层所受附加应力的衰减效应;地面沉降受侧摩阻力的约束作用主要局限于1倍的最大水位沉降范围内;弦线模量计算得到的沉降值精度高于规范算法,能够较好地预测黄土地区降水期间坑周地面沉降量。研究结果可为计算类似黄土深基坑潜水层降水诱发地面沉降提供参考。