Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

模式搜索算法在毒气泄漏中的源强反算

基于泄漏源下风向的浓度监测数据并结合大气扩散模式建立反算模型,以确定泄漏源的位置和强度。以扩散模式仿真的浓度数据与监测数据的匹配度作为目标函数,将反演问题转化为优化问题,利用模式搜索算法迭代优化。以高斯模型为例验证了算法的可行性,结果表明利用探测器提供的测量浓度值,模式搜索算法能够在较短时间内搜索到最优解,在计算复杂性或时间上较梯度型算法和智能优化算法有一定优势。该算法能够及时而准确地反算出泄漏源强度和位置,为事故的应急响应与救援提供依据。     

火灾中闭式喷头响应时间的概率分布特性研究

喷淋系统中闭式喷头响应时间受火灾增长因子、径向安装距离和喷头响应时间指数等因素的影响。通过对喷头响应时间的模拟数据的统计分析,建立了包含火灾增长因子、径向距离和喷头响应时间指数等参数的喷头响应时间模型。考虑火灾增长因子和径向距离的随机性,获得了喷头响应时间的概率分布特性。研究结果表明,径向距离和火灾增长因子对喷头响应时间的分布特性影响显著。随着火灾增长因子的增大和径向距离的缩小,喷头在较短时间内响应的概率增大。随着径向距离的缩小,喷头响应时间指数对喷头响应时间分布的影响变小。研究可为优化喷头布置和评估喷头响应的有效性提供分析工具。     

Long‐Term Trends of Nutrients and Sediment from the Nontidal Chesapeake Watershed: An Assessment of Progress by River and Season

To assess historical loads of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and suspended sediment (SS) from the nontidal Chesapeake Bay watershed (NTCBW), we analyzed decadal seasonal trends of flow‐normalized loads at the fall‐line of nine major rivers that account for >90% of NTCBW flow. Evaluations of loads by season revealed N, P, and SS load magnitudes have been highest in January‐March and lowest in July‐September, but the temporal trends have followed similar decadal‐scale patterns in all seasons, with notable exceptions. Generally, total N (TN) load has dropped since the late 1980s, but particulate nutrients and SS have risen since the mid‐1990s. The majority of these rises were from Susquehanna River and relate to diminished net trapping at the Conowingo Reservoir. Substantial rises in SS were also observed, however, in other rivers. Moreover, the summed rise in particulate P load from other rivers is of similar magnitude as from Susquehanna. Dissolved nutrient loads have dropped in the upland (Piedmont and above) rivers, but risen in two small rivers in the Coastal Plain affected by lagged groundwater input. In addition, analysis of fractional contributions revealed consistent N trends across the upland watersheds. Finally, total N:total P ratios have declined in most rivers, suggesting the potential for changes in nutrient limitation. Overall, this integrated study of historical data highlights the value of maintaining long‐term monitoring at multiple watershed locations.     

基于秸秆后发酵产沼气的一次发酵时间优化

采用"一次发酵+NaOH处理+二次发酵"工艺,以稻秸为原料,研究一次发酵时间对稻秸沼气发酵的影响.结果表明,一次发酵后的稻秸仍有一定的产气能力,干物质(TS)产气量为28.11～50.73mL/g TS,产气量大小与一次发酵时间成反比;一次发酵后的稻秸经NaOH处理后,稻秸物质结构受到明显破坏,有机物大量溶出,稻秸浸提...     

润湿时间统计方法研究

根据日记相对湿度曲线，本文采用了五种方法统计江津地区1998年逐月的润湿时间；五种方法的区别主要在于：(1)相邻两点时间间隔不同，方法2、方法3相邻两点间隔1h，方法4、方法5相邻两点间隔6h；(2)若相邻两点的相对湿度值一个高于80％，另一个低于80％时，则采用了三种不同的方法计算从低点到高点相对湿度低于80％的时间，方法1直接从曲线读取，方法2、方法4则从相邻两点的相对湿度值计算获得，方法3、方法4则取相邻两点间隔时间的一半。方差分析表明五种方法之间没有显著差异，可直接利用国家气象局发布的全年每天2、8、14、20点的相对湿度来统计润湿时间。     

火灾后套筒灌浆料力学性能试验研究

为研究火灾对套筒灌浆料力学性能的影响,设计不同受火时间(60,90 min),不同静置时间(1,14 d)以及不同冷却方式(自然冷却、喷水冷却)试验,分析不同工况下的套筒灌浆料的抗折强度和抗压强度.结果表明:随着受火时间的增加,套筒灌浆料的抗折、抗压强度均逐渐降低,自然冷却后抗折强度残余率分别为11.3％、9.1％,抗...     

Improved models of failure time for atmospheric tanks under the coupling effect of multiple pool fires

Fire accidents of chemical installations may cause domino effects in atmospheric tank farms, where a large amount of hazardous substances are stored or processed. Pool fire is a major form of fire accidents, and the thermal radiation from pool fire is the primary hazard of domino accidents. The coupling of multiple pool fires is a realistic and important accident phenomenon that enhances the propagation of domino accidents. However, previous research has mostly focused on the escalation of domino accidents induced by a single pool fire. To overcome the drawback, in this study, the failure of a storage tank under the coupling effect of multiple pool fires was studied in view of spatial and temporal synergistic process. The historical accident statistics indicated that the accident scenario of two-pool fires accounted for 30.6% in pool fires. The domino accident scenario involving three tanks is analyzed, and the typical layout of tanks is isosceles right triangle based on Chinese standard “GB50341-2014”. The thermal response and damage of a target tank heated by pool fires were numerically investigated. The volume of 500 m³, 3000 m³, 5000 m³ and 10000 m³ were selected. Flame temperature was obtained by FDS, and then was input onto the finite element model. The temperature field and stress field of target tanks were simulated by ABAQUS. The results showed that the temperature rise rate of the target tanks under multiple pool fires was higher than that under a single pool fire. The failure time of the tank under the coupling effect of multiple fires was lower than that under the superposition of multiple fires without the first stage. The stress and yield strength were compared to judge the failure of the target tank. The model of failure time for the tank under the coupling effect of pool fires was established. Through the verification, the deviation of this model is 4.02%, which is better than the deviation of 15.76% with Cozzani's model.     

基于时序的导弹武器系统环境适应性分析方法

目前导弹武器系统的环境适应性分析方法主要是基于剖面分析的定性分析,分析结果比较依赖个人经验,某些情况下可能无法全面识别风险,并且出现反复发作的环境适应性问题。基于此,文中开展了相关研究,全面、合理地分析导弹武器系统的环境适应性,提升装备质量特性水平。提出了基于时序的武器装备环境适应性分析方法,给出了基于时序的环境要素分析方法、产品要素分析方法和基于研制流程的工程实施方法。将该方法应用于某战术导弹,发现了63项环境适应性风险,其中有3项影响成败,通过采取针对性改进措施确保了首飞和后续多发飞行试验任务连续成功。该方法可以充分暴露武器系统环境适应性风险,并且可以作为一种风险识别方法应用到试验充分性分析和测试覆盖性分析中,具有重要的工程应用和推广价值。     

基于F-N曲线的煤矿重特大瓦斯爆炸事故伤亡规律研究

为研究煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的伤亡规律,以2000-2014年发生的230起重大及以上瓦 斯爆炸事故为样本,运用统计学和F-N曲线法对事故特征进行了研究。首先,对事故起 数和伤亡情况的时间特征进行了统计;其次,对事故起数和伤亡数量的地域性特征进行 了研究;最后,基于F-N曲线法,对事故的死亡人数和受伤人数进行了规律分析。研究 结果表明:15年间的瓦斯爆炸事故起数总体上呈逐年下降的趋势,但在2005年出现了峰 值,死亡人数与事故起数的变化趋势接近,受伤人数变化趋势不太明显;重特大瓦斯爆 炸事故主要发生在中部和西南地区,且尤以山西省最为显著,其事故起数和伤亡人数都 是最多的;大多数事故造成了10～30人的死亡,其累计概率曲线在对数坐标中的梯度是 -1.642,受伤人数最频繁的区间是1～10人,其累计概率曲线在对数坐标中的梯度是- 0.652。