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Municipal sewage from an oxidation ditch was treated for reuse by nanofiltration (NF) in this study. The NF performance was optimized, and its fouling characteristics after different operational durations (i.e., 48 and 169 hr) were analyzed to investigate the applicability of nanofiltration for water reuse. The optimum performance was achieved when transmembrane pressure = 12 bar, pH = 4 and flow rate = 8 L/min using a GE membrane. The permeate water quality could satisfy the requirements of water reclamation for different uses and local standards for water reuse in Beijing. Flux decline in the fouling experiments could be divided into a rapid flux decline and a quasi-steady state. The boundary flux theory was used to predict the evolution of permeate flux. The expected operational duration based on the 169-hr experiment was 392.6 hr which is 175% longer than that of the 48-hr one. High molecular weight (MW) protein-like substances were suggested to be the dominant foulants after an extended period based on the MW distribution and the fluorescence characteristics. The analyses of infrared spectra and extracellular polymeric substances revealed that the roles of both humic- and polysaccharide-like substances were diminished, while that of protein-like substances were strengthened in the contribution of membrane fouling with time prolonged. Inorganic salts were found to have marginally influence on membrane fouling. Additionally, alkali washing was more efficient at removing organic foulants in the long term, and a combination of water flushing and alkali washing was appropriate for NF fouling control in municipal sewage treatment. 相似文献
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综放采空区防灭火注氮数值模拟与参数确定 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
李宗翔 《中国安全科学学报》2003,13(5):53-57
用有限元数值方法 ,求解了综放开采采空区注氮情况下的漏风渗流方程和氧浓度渗流耗散方程 ;结合计算机图形技术 ,直观展示了注氮前后采空区流场、流态和氧浓度分布动态变化 ;模拟了在不同注氮量下注氮控制区边界的变化过程 ,得到控制区边界位置与注氮流量呈负指数关系 ;重点探讨了用数值模拟方法确定合理注氮参数 (注氮流量、注氮位置和注氮时间 )的新方法。 相似文献
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稳定塘的水力模型对于稳定塘的设计、运行和评价具有重要作用。该文在对稳定塘的各种水力模型分析的基础上,利用试验数据,对各种水力模型进行了识别与评价。结果表明:稳定塘的水力流态接近于完全混合态,基本上相当于2个或3个完全混合反应器的串联,无量纲扩散数d一般介于0.1~0.5之间。 相似文献
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沈阳市是国家环保战略目标定量考核研究的试点城市.本文介绍了沈阳市环保战略目标定量考核指标体系和定量考核方法以及战略目标定量化的技术路线.并通过定量考核找出了与战略目标存在的差距,提出了达到目标的实施方案. 相似文献
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带有残差修正的GIM(1)模型在工业固体废弃物排放量预测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于灰色系统理论,研究和提出了带有残差修正的GIM(1)模型,并给出了估计这种模型参数的简捷方法.实例表明,运用该方法得到的模型具有优良的预测精度,从而扩大了灰色预测方法在环境系统中的应用范围. 相似文献
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岩层移动角选取的神经网络方法研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
岩层移动角是进行各类保护煤柱设计时的关键性参数 ,涉及地表建 (构 )筑物的安全。在综合分析影响岩层移动角因素的基础上 ,采用人工神经网络方法建立岩层移动角选取的模型。该模型采用改进的BP算法 ,运用我国典型的地表移动观测站资料作为学习训练样本和测试样本 ,对模型的计算结果与实测值进行了对比分析。分析结果表明 :用人工神经网络方法求算岩层移动角考虑的因素更为全面 ,结果更接近于实际。笔者为岩层移动角的理论计算探索出了一种新的方法。 相似文献