环保投资增长规律及其理论证明

本文从国内外环保投资的实践入手,分析和总结出环保投资长期增长规律,并依据环境--经济--社会的技术经济关系,建立起“污染平衡方程式”,从理论上对该规律进行了证明。     

Optimization-Based Atmospheric Plume Source Identification

This work applies optimization and an Eulerian inversion approach presented by Bagtzoglou and Baun in 2005 in order to reconstruct contaminant plume time histories and to identify the likely source of atmospheric contamination using data from a real test site for the first time. Present-day distribution of an atmospheric contaminant plume as well as data points reflecting the plume history allow the reconstruction and provide the plume velocity, distribution, and probable source. The method was tested to a hypothetical case and with data from the Forest Atmosphere Transfer and Storage (FACTS) experiment in the Duke experimental forest site. In the scenarios presented herein, as well as in numerous cases tested for verification purposes, the model conserved mass, successfully located the peak of the plume, and managed to capture the motion of the plume well but underestimated the contaminant peak.     

潜流人工湿地水力学特性及工程设计

以净化低污染水体的潜流人工湿地水力学特性工程设计为重点,系统开展了室内外实验研究,并利用Peelet数分析了水平潜流人工湿地碎石床渗流返混程度。结果表明,潜流人工湿地集水花管孔口出流计算、基质填料内渗流计算、碎石床平均水力停留时间计算可分别借鉴薄壁孔口恒定淹没出流、线性或非线性渗流、活塞流理论;但受工程实际条件及运行淤堵等影响,工程实测结果均小于理论计算值。基于室内外实验成果,提出一套包括集配水系统水力计算、填料内渗流计算、平均水力停留时间计算在内的潜流人工湿地水力学特性计算方法和参数选择,可为人工湿地技术的工程设计提供借鉴。     

环境污染损失估价的索洛方程方法

本文提出了环境污染损失估价的索洛方程方法,同时,对环境价值存量的评估也进行了尝试,并且结合生产率的概念和索洛方程给出了环境污染损失的计算式,对其理论内涵及政策启示做了简要阐述。     

生产固化剂A废水的COD_(Mn)与COD_(cr)相关性的探讨

分别用重铬酸钾法和高锰酸钾法测定了生产固化剂Ａ废水的化学需氧量ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ，得到了ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ的相关性方程，线性相关较好     

Predicting RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) Monthly Erosivity Index from Readily Available Rainfall Data in Mediterranean Area

Summary Seasonal rainerosivity is important in the structure and dynamics of Mediterranean ecosystems. The present paper contributes to the quantitative assessment of RUSLE's monthly erosion index in a data-scarce Mediterranean region. Therefore, a regionalized relationship for estimating monthly erosion index (EI_30-month) from only three rainfall parameters has been obtained. Knowledge of the seasonal and annual distribution of erosivity index, permit soil and water conservationists to make improved designs for erosion control, water harvesting or small hydraulic structures. Although a few long data sets were used in the analysis, validation with established monthly erosivity index values from other Italian locations, suggest that the model presented (r² = 0.973) is robust. It is recommended to monthly erosivity estimates when experimental data-scarce rainfall become available.     

Soil erosion vulnerability under scenarios of climate land-use changes after the development of a large reservoir in a semi-arid area

Climate and land-use/cover changes (LUCC) influence soil erosion vulnerability in the semi-arid region of Alqueva, threatening the reservoir storage capacity and sustainability of the landscape. Considering the effect of these changes in the future, the purpose of this study was to investigate soil erosion scenarios using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. A multi-agent system combining Markov cellular automata with multi-criteria evaluation was used to investigate LUCC scenarios according to delineated regional strategies. Forecasting scenarios indicated that the intensive agricultural area as well as the sparse and xerophytic vegetation and rainfall-runoff erosivity would increase, consequently causing the soil erosion to rise from 1.78 Mg ha^?1 to 3.65 Mg ha^?1 by 2100. A backcasting scenario was investigated by considering the application of soil conservation practices that would decrease the soil erosion considerably to an average of 2.27 Mg ha^?1. A decision support system can assist stakeholders in defining restrictive practices and developing conservation plans, contributing to control the reservoir's siltation.     

Application of machine learning methods to palaeoecological data

A palaeoecological study was conducted to investigate past environmental conditions and vegetation dynamics around the southwestern Ljubljana Moor. In order to find potential regularities and/or dependencies among co-existent plant species through time, different machine learning methods were applied to pollen records from the cores taken at Bistra and Ho?evarica. The data comprised relative pollen frequencies of the most common plant genera/families at particular core depths that correspond to particular ages in the Early and Mid Holocene periods. The applied methods include equation discovery and hierarchical clustering. Both methods have found plausible and explainable relationships among identified plant genera/families.     

The Time Invariance Principle,the absence of ecological chaos,and a fundamental pitfall of discrete modeling

This paper is to show that most discrete models used for population dynamics in ecology are inherently pathological that their predications cannot be independently verified by experiments because they violate a fundamental principle of physics. The result is used to tackle an on-going controversy regarding ecological chaos. Another implication of the result is that all dynamical systems must be modeled by differential equations. As a result it suggests that researches based on discrete modeling must be closely scrutinized and the teaching of calculus and differential equations must be emphasized for students of biology.     

水土保持生态补偿定量计算探究 ——以潘家口库区东北沟流域为例

水土保持生态补偿对于我国的水土流失治理意义重大,水土保持补偿标准的确定是建立生态补偿机制的核心问题。基于潘家口水库上游东北沟流域1990年和2009年土地利用数据和气候、 土壤、 植被、 DEM及农户调查等数据,应用通用土壤侵蚀方程模型(RUSLE)计算该流域采取预防水土流失措施后的土壤侵蚀减少量,在此基础上采用环境经济学的方法核算水土保持生态功能的提供方和受益方两个主体的成本和收益,并构建了水土保持生态补偿标准计算模型,实现了水土保持生态补偿标准定量计算。结果显示:流域生态系统的年土壤保持量为6.49×10⁴ t·a^-1;水土保持服务提供方损失为24.48×10⁴元,所得收益来自减少土地损失和肥力损失的价值共计44.21×10⁴元;水土保持服务受益方主要指下游潘家口水库所得收益来自减少泥沙淤积和减少富营养化共计84.88×10⁴元;流域所得的补偿介于24.48×10⁴元(222.55元/人)到46.90×10⁴元(426.36元/人)之间。