基于熵技术的石化企业安全模糊综合评价方法研究

鉴于石化企业安全评价所存在的模糊性和随机性 ,基于熵技术和模糊数学理论 ,将定性分析和定量分析相结合 ,提出了一种新的基于熵技术的石化企业安全模糊综合评价模型。借用信息论中熵的概念计算客观权重的方法 ,避免了人为的主观性。简要地介绍了该模型的步骤 ,并给出应用实例。研究表明 ,笔者所提出的模型实用性强 ,易于推广。因此 ,该方法用于石化企业安全评价是一种新的尝试 ,对此进行全面的介绍有着一定的工程实际应用价值。     

艾比湖流域典型植物生长的水文地质条件研究

在野外实际调查资料基础上,总结了艾比湖流域典型植物胡杨、梭梭、红柳赋存的地貌位置、当前主要存在问题、适生地下水位埋深、包气带岩性与结构等水文地质条件,为流域的综合治理提供依据。     

污水深度处理及回收利用的可行性分析

大庆炼化公司从单一化工污水深度处理及回收利用发展为炼油、化工、生活污水统一处理和回用于循环水,既充分利用了现有污水处理场的处理余量,同时由于生活污水中含有比例适当的微生物需要的营养物质,对炼油和化工污水起到补充和稀释作用。这种处理方法既降低了工业污水对污水处理场的冲击,又起到了稳定水质的作用。     

核电厂人因及组织行政管理安全审查体系

定期安全审查 (PSR)是国际原子能机构 (IAEA)近年推广的一种新的核电厂安全审查方式 ,它强调系统性、全面性和关键性。人因安全因素 (HF)、组织机构和行政管理安全因素 (OA)是PSR的重要组成部分 ,也是PSR中审查难度较大的部分之一。其难点主要在于如何用有限的评审指标去刻画出最能表征人因、OA对核电厂安全运行最具影响的特征因子 ,建立起科学的、系统化的审查体系 ,且该体系还需具有较强的可操作性。基于上述认识 ,笔者建立了核电厂人因及组织行政管理安全审查体系 ,它包含安全目标与方针、人员配备与资格、组织机构与管理、配置控制、培训、职业健康、运行经验反馈、质量保证、人 -机接口、遵章守法等 10类 19个要素。同时介绍了其评审指标、审查内容、审查方法和程序等。该体系已应用于秦山核电厂。     

Uptake and Metabolism of TNT and GTN by Plants Expressing Bacterial Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase

The manufacture and improper disposal of explosives has resulted in a significant amount of land requiring remediation. The compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most persistent and toxic of the explosive pollutants with current treatment methods being energy intensive and costly. Bacterial enzymes such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR) from Enterobacter cloacae PB2 have been found to have activity against TNT; however, microbes often lack the biomassnecessary for remediation applications. The PETNRgene (onr1) was transformed into tobacco plants in an attempt to combine the metabolic diversity of microbes with the sequestering properties of plants. The resulting transgenic plants were shown to have enhanced tolerance to TNT during germination and as seedlings. Phytoremediation applications with these plants may provide an alternative treatment of TNT contamination.     

含氰废水的脱氮处理

大庆石化公司炼油厂丙烯腈装置所排出的有机和无机含氮化合物,大部分经生化作用转化为氨氮,而水体中过多的氨氮对人和生物有毒害作用。为此,对原装置进行了全面改造,改造后的工艺为“前置反硝化生物脱氮工艺”。废水中的氮化合物通过通过硝化、反硝化作用被转化为对人体无害的分子氮(N2)逸出大气。试验结果表明:改造前,排出水中氨氮合格率为零;改造后,排出水中的氨氮合格率为95%以上。     

WATER SUPPLY DILEMMAS OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE IMPERIAL VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA1

Abstract: There are four known geothermal resource areas in the Imperial Valley that have a combined potential of over 4,000 megawatts of electrical energy for 25 years. Water resources available to support geothermal enerfy development are imprted Colorado River water, agricultural waste waters, Salton Sea water, and groundwater. In addtion, geothermal power plants can produce their own cooling water from steam condensate. Nevertheless, the relatively high water requirements of geothermal facilities along with a series of real and potential constraints may cause water supply dilemmas involving both the acquistion and use of cooling water. Important constraints are institutional policies, water supply costs, technical problems, and impacts upon the Salton Sea. These constranits and related dilemmas are examined in light of relevanty information on the valley's water resources, geothermal resources and energy technologies, cooling water requrements, and water supply options.     

石油化工储运系统的清洁生产

介绍石油化工储运系统推行清洁生产的情况。运用浮顶罐技术，光纤或光导技术、高低液位报警技术等先进技术，实施清污分流，污污分汉及污油回收，消灭火炬回收炼厂气等方法，达到节约原材料，降低成本，清洁生产的目的。     

荒漠植物红砂研究进展

主要综述了荒漠植物红砂的分布区及其生境、解剖学特征、种子萌发及幼苗生长影响因素、组织培养、生理生态特征、繁殖及育苗、分子生物学特性等方面的研究。简要阐述了修复和重建红砂植被的必要性,并着重研究了红砂种子萌发的影响因素及育苗技术的发展现状,在此基础上指出红砂研究中的不足之处,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

Birds as Suppliers of Seed Dispersal in Temperate Ecosystems: Conservation Guidelines from Real‐World Landscapes

Abstract: Seed dispersal by animals is considered a pivotal ecosystem function that drives plant‐community dynamics in natural habitats and vegetation recovery in human‐altered landscapes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of suitable ecological knowledge to develop basic conservation and management guidelines for this ecosystem service. Essential questions, such as how well the abundance of frugivorous animals predicts seeding function in different ecosystems and how anthropogenic landscape heterogeneity conditions the role of dispersers, remain poorly answered. In three temperate ecosystems, we studied seed dispersal by frugivorous birds in landscape mosaics shaped by human disturbance. By applying a standardized design across systems, we related the frequency of occurrence of bird‐dispersed seeds throughout the landscape to the abundance of birds, the habitat features, and the abundance of fleshy fruits. Abundance of frugivorous birds in itself predicted the occurrence of dispersed seeds throughout the landscape in all ecosystems studied. Even those landscape patches impoverished due to anthropogenic disturbance received some dispersed seeds when visited intensively by birds. Nonetheless, human‐caused landscape degradation largely affected seed‐deposition patterns by decreasing cover of woody vegetation or availability of fruit resources that attracted birds and promoted seed dispersal. The relative role of woody cover and fruit availability in seed dispersal by birds differed among ecosystems. Our results suggest that to manage seed dispersal for temperate ecosystem preservation or restoration one should consider abundance of frugivorous birds as a surrogate of landscape‐scale seed dispersal and an indicator of patch quality for the dispersal function; woody cover and fruit resource availability as key landscape features that drive seedfall patterns; and birds as mobile links that connect landscape patches of different degrees of degradation and habitat quality via seed deposition.