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81.
82.
Mait Kriipsalu Marcia Marques Aleksander Maastik 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):79-86
Partly due to the complex and variable composition of oily sludge generated by the petroleum industry, cost-effective treatment
and proper disposal pose considerable challenges worldwide. In this study, an extended component-based analysis of the oily
sludge from a flocculation-flotation unit of a wastewater treatment system in a refinery in Sweden was carried out over 1
year. The heterogeneity of the oily sludge is illustrated by the wide ranges of concentrations found for different chemical
components, particularly metals. Among the petroleum hydrocarbons, the most abundant compounds were nonpolar aliphatic hydrocarbons
(63.7 ± 16.7 g kg−1); from the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene group, xylenes (91–240 mg kg−1) were most abundant; and among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalene (25.7 ± 21.4), fluorene (27.25 ± 10.0), and
phenanthrene (43.8 ± 18.4 mg kg−1) were most abundant (all results in terms of dry matter). Based on the EU guidelines and the mean concentration values for
metals found in the oily sludge, e.g., Pb (135.4 ± 125.8), Cu (105.2 ± 79.1), Hg (42.8 ± 31.3), Ni (320 ± 267.4), and Zn (1321.7
± 529.9 mg kg−1), disposal of oily sludge even in landfills for hazardous waste is not allowed. The organic content of the sludge can be
reduced through biotreatment, but not the metal content. A multistep component-based treatment scheme is therefore needed. 相似文献
83.
Nsikak U. Benson Joseph P. Essien Godwin A. Ebong Akan B. Williams 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(3):275-282
The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons in two commonly consumed benthopelagic shellfishes, Macura reptantia and Procambarus clarkii, harvested from benthic sediment of Qua Iboe Estuary were determined using a gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector.
Seventy-two (72) samples each of benthic sediment and the shellfishes were collected monthly between June 2003 and February
2004 covering the peak periods of the wet and dry seasons. Concentrations of hydrocarbons were highly variable and ranged
between 5.00 and 232.00 μg/g dry weight of benthic sediment, 3.05 and 11.30 μg/g dry weight of M. reptantia, 1.62 and 9.00 μg/g dry weight of P. clarkii. Pearson’s correlation analysis of total hydrocarbon concentrations in subtidal sediments with levels in the fauna species
yielded positive significant (P < 0.05) correlations in M. reptantia (r = 0.737) and P. clarkii (r = 0.924). This is indicative of a long term and chronic accumulation of hydrocarbons in the estuarine ecosystem, reflecting
the potential for exposure of the resident biota and the risk to human health. 相似文献
84.
Nicolas Berguerand Anders Lyngfelt 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(2):169-179
Tests were made in a 10 kWth chemical-looping combustor with a petroleum coke as the solid fuel and the oxygen carrier ilmenite, an iron titanium oxide. The fuel reactor is fluidized by steam and the oxygen carrier reacts with the volatiles released as well as the gasification intermediates CO and H2. A constant fuel flow corresponding to a thermal power of 5.8 kW was introduced into the fuel reactor and a total of 11 h of operation was reached. The effects of particle circulation and carbon stripper operation on solid fuel conversion, conversion of gas from the fuel reactor and CO2 capture were investigated. The actual CO2 capture ranged between 60% and 75% while the solid fuel conversion was in the range of 66–78%. The low values of solid fuel conversion reflect loss of char due to low efficiency of the fuel reactor cyclone. The incomplete conversion of the gas from the fuel reactor is expressed as oxygen demand. The oxygen demand corresponds to the fraction of oxygen lacking to achieve full gas conversion and was typically 25%, due to presence of CH4, CO and H2 from the fuel reactor. Typical ratios of CH4, CO and H2 over the total gaseous carbon from the fuel reactor are respectively 5, 10 and 25%. Low loss of non-combustible fines from the system indicates very low attrition of the oxygen carrier. 相似文献
85.
王盈 《环境监测管理与技术》2013,25(4):61-63
对水中油类测定的新旧标准---《水质石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》( HJ 637-2012)和《水质石油类和动植物油类的测定红外分光光度法》( GB/T 16488-1996)作比较,前者的内容中增加了总油的定义,修改了干燥剂的处理条件、样品体积的测量方法及萃取条件和萃取液脱水方式,删除了絮凝富集萃取的内容。试验证明,改进后的方法降低了检出限和空白干扰,样品体积测量更加准确。 相似文献
86.
87.
本文根据可接受风险标准的确定方法和制定原则,提出了中石油企业可接受风险标准,包括员工个人可接受风险标准和员工社会可接受风险标准。 相似文献
88.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(3):301-312
Abstract Sustainable ecosystems can be designed to eliminate environmental toxins and reduce pathogen loads through the direct and indirect consequences of plant and microbial activities. We present an approach to the bioremediation of disturbed environments, focusing on petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contaminants. Treatment consists of incorporating a plant-based amendment to enhance ecosystem productivity and physiochemical degradation followed by the establishment of plants to serve as oxidizers and foundations for microbial communities. Promising amendments for widespread use are entire plants of the water fern Azolla and seed meal of Brassica napus (rapeseed). An inexpensive byproduct from the manufacture of biodiesel and lubricants, rapeseed meal is high in nitrogen (6% wt/wt), stimulates >100-fold increases in populations of resident Streptomyces species, and suppresses fungal infection of roots subsequently cultivated in the amended soil. Synergistic enzymatic and chemical activities of plant and microbial metabolism in root zones transform and degrade soil contaminants. Emphasis is given to mechanisms that enable PHC functionalization via reactive molecular species. 相似文献
89.
以沈阳沈抚灌区上游指定区域为研究对象,对停灌10多年来土壤中重金属镉和铬以及有机物石油烃进行了单因子指数法评价,同时运用Arcgis软件分析制定出了采样区域单项污染指数分布图,按照单项污染指数评价,结果表明:重金属总镉和总铬以清洁级为主,有机物石油烃以重污染为主。Arcgis插值分析得出空间分布图表明:重金属总镉含量不受灌渠分布影响。重金属总铬北部区域大于南部区域。灌渠对有机物石油烃含量影响明显,对于停灌10多年有机物石油烃修复效果,旱田作业要好于水田作业。 相似文献
90.
此次采样调查以摘要:针对目前大庆油田工作油井污染现状,对大庆市大同区八井子乡油井附近农田土壤进行采样调查,以了解目前工作中单井附近土壤污染状况,并结合污染现状提出合理性建议;单口油井为中心,分别以0、20、40和60m为半径进行取土采样,检测耕地土壤的石油类物质总量。结果表明:横向采样的土壤全部超过国家第一级标准限值,石油类物质总量随着横向距离的增加而降低。某些单井附近耕地土壤已超过国家第二级标准限值,最高超标倍数为13.88倍,处于危险级别,应立即采取措施治理石油污染。 相似文献