黄孢原毛平革菌降解磷酸三苯酯的性能和机理

以白腐真菌的中的黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）为实验菌种,考察不同环境条件因素对P.chrysosporium降解磷酸三苯酯（TPhP）的影响以及TPhP降解过程中菌体细胞特性的变化.结果表明,当孢子液的接种量为4%（V/V）,葡萄糖浓度为5g/L,pH值为5~6时,经过6d的处理P.chrysosporium对5mg/L TPhP的降解率可达到60%以上.菌体的细胞色素P450酶在TPhP的降解转化过程中发挥了重要的作用,抑制P450酶的活性会导致TPhP降解率下降.在降解反应的前期,为加快TPhP的代谢转化,菌体胞内蛋白含量以及ATP酶活性出现明显升高.在TPhP胁迫下,菌体SOD和CAT的活性随降解反应的进行呈现先升高后降低的趋势,2种抗氧化酶协同作用维持TPhP降解过程中菌体胞内的氧化还原平衡.     

Effect of nitrogen concentration in culture mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Effect of different nitrogen concentration in the mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied when glucose concentration was l0 g/L. The results showed that the medium contained 0.8 g/L ammonium tartrate is the best. It not only supply abundant nutrients for the growth of Phanerochaete chrysospodum, which make mycelia the best grow compared with the other medium, but also produce higher manganese-dependent peroxidase(Mnp) and laccase(Lac) activity. In addition, it is observed that the variation of mycelia surface is related to ligninolytic enzyme secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. When the surface of mycelium pellets appeared burs, it predicts secondary metabolism begin. This experimentation demonstrated that when the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in nitrogen limited medium is equal to 100:8, growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the best, it could achieve the maximum Mnp and Lac activity.     

白腐真菌生物过滤塔处理氯苯气体的研究

以竹子为填料,构建新型的白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生物过滤塔,考察该过滤塔在不同操作条件下对氯苯的去除性能.结果表明,白腐真菌生物过滤塔对氯苯表现出较好的去除效果,在进口浓度200～1 500 mg/m3,空塔停留时间122 s的条件下,最大去除率接近80%,平均去除率约50%.过滤塔的去除速率与进口负荷和去除率有关,在进口浓度500～1 500mg/m3,流量0.5 m3/h的条件下,最大去除速率可达94 g/(m3·h),平均去除速率为60 g/(m3·h).过滤塔去除速率对进口负荷变化的响应幅度与流量有关,在低流量条件下随进口负荷的变化率较大.过滤塔中氯苯浓度的沿程分布呈现出非线性下降的特征,造成这一现象的原因可能与过滤塔内生物量的分布情况有关.     

非灭菌条件下酸性蓝45在白腐真菌反应器中的降解特性

在非灭菌条件下维持白腐真菌反应器连续运行是在水处理领域实际应用白腐真菌的前提.采用臭氧控制白腐真菌反应器中的污染细菌,以连续运行方式考察了自由悬浮培养的白腐真菌体系中控菌、产酶、pH变化及对酸性蓝45的降解特性.结果表明,在白腐真菌反应器系统的控菌单元,以0.0144 mg/min臭氧投加速率,可成功将白腐真菌反应器内污染细菌控制在1×106 CFU/mL以下,其去除率接近99%;成功实现了白腐真菌反应器连续合成锰过氧化物酶（最大剩余酶活50 U/L）和对酸性蓝45 的持续降解（40％～80％）;发现pH值在6左右时,白腐真菌培养体系仍然具有合成锰过氧化物酶和对酸性蓝45的持续降解的能力;提出在控制污染细菌的前提下,如何维持白腐真菌的持续生长及高产酶是进一步实现白腐真菌反应器连续运行的主要问题.     

Variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous membrane bioreactor for Reactive Brilliant Red X3-B treatment

The influence of a Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (RBR X-3B) dye on the peroxidase isoenzyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was determined, and the biofilm structure in a white rot fungal continuous membrane bioreactor (MBR) was also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate in the continuous MBR were evaluated. The results showed that the 100 mg/L RBR X-3B could stimulate the production of the peroxidase isoenzyme in the shaking-flask culture. In addition, two new peroxidase isoenzyme bands with relative mobility (Rf) value of 0.27 and 0.28 appeared, but the activity was lower than the blank control of 11 d. In the continuous MBR, the system worked stably during the first 60 d, the main peroxidase isoenzyme bands existed and three new bands with Rf value of 0.10, 0.27, and 0.28 appeared. Meanwhile, the biofilm grew well and the average decolorization rate could reach 90.6%. But the bands of peroxidase isoenzyme decreased rapidly at day 65, only two bands with Rf value 0.24 and 0.26 existed, and the decolorization rate decreased to 78.3%. Therefore, 5 bottles of P. chrysosporium mycelial pellet were added into the MBR, and then the activity of the peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate had a slight recovery. Finally, the decolorization rate finally decreased to 75.2%. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm in continuous MBR by white rot fungi.     

一种适合于白腐菌处理漂白废水的反应器及工艺探讨

设计了一种适合于白腐菌Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅ Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ处理漂白废水的活性炭－化学纤维固定膜反应器，探讨了菌膜生长时的营养条件和废水组成对处理效果的影响。在适宜的工艺条件下，废水的脱色率达６０～９０％，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率在５０％以上。     

Biodegradation of pyrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and enzyme activities in soils: Effect of SOM, sterilization and aging

The impacts of soil organic matter （SOM）, aging and sterilization on the production of lignin peroxidase （LIP） and manganese peroxidase （MnP） by Phanerochaete chrysosporium during the biodegradation of pyrene in soils were investigated. The biodegradation of pyrene by P. chrysosporium decreased with increasing SOM content, whereas the maximum activities of LiP and MnP increased, which indicates that SOM outweighed pyrene in controlling enzyme production. Sterilization enhanced the degradation of pyrene due to the elimination of competition from indigenous microbes, whereas aging led to a reduction in the degradation of pyrene primarily through changes in its sorbed forms. Both sterilization and aging could reduce SOM content and alter its structure, which also influenced the bioavailability of pyrene and the enzyme activity. The sterilization and aging processes caused changes in the degradation of pyrene, and the enzyme activities were greater in soils with high SOM contents. MnP was related to the degradation of pyrene to a greater extent, whereas LiP was more related to the decomposition of SOM.     

气液环境下白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium在载体表面的附着性能研究

以白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysasponum为研究对象，考察了该菌种在液相和气相环境中在陶粒、颗粒炭、玻璃珠、竹子、聚丙稀多面空心球、沸石上的附着和生长情况．研究结果表明，在液相环境中，白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium对竹子、沸石、陶粒、聚丙稀多面空心球有较好的附着能力，但菌体的生长量和形态特征受载体的影响而产生明显差异．在有玻璃珠和颗粒炭存在的液相环境中，均出现一定数量的菌丝小球。但在载体表面无附着现象．将附有菌体的载体置于气相环境中，发现白腐真菌在载体表面能够形成气生菌丝层．同时．显微镜下观察发现，菌体在沸石、陶粒和多面空心球表面呈绒毛状，质地松散，在竹子表面的菌体有明显的交织结构．     

黄孢原毛平革菌对碱性紫5BN的脱色降解研究

目的 建立黄孢原毛平革菌与10、50、100mg/L碱性紫5BN的共培养体系,研究菌种和培养条件对脱色降解效果的影响。方法 采用分光光度法测定培养液最大吸收波长处吸光度的改变,确定染料的脱色率及降解率。结果 (1)OGC101菌株的降解能力明显强于BKM-F-1767菌株,培养液最大吸收波长向短波方向移动,说明染料的N-去甲基化和降解中间物的形成;(2)琥珀酸钠缓冲液、04mM藜芦醇(VA)、浅层静置培养的参数组合较佳;(3)共培养30d后,各样品的脱色降解率为54％-98％;(4)染料浓度与脱色降解效应的相关性,因菌种而异。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and extracellular enzyme secretion in agitated and stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The extracellular enzyme secretion and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in agitated and shallow stationary liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and Tween80 were added to cultures as lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) inducer, respectively. Shallow stationary cultures were suitable for the production of enzyme, whereas agitated cultures enhanced overall biodegradation by facilitating interphase mass transfer of PAHs into aqueous phases. The use of a LIP stimulator, veratryl alcohol, did not increase PAH degradation but significantly enhanced LiP activity. In contrast, Tween80 increased both MnP secretion and PAH degradation in shallow stationary cultures. On the other hand, high PAH degradation was observed in agitated cultures in the absence of detectable LIP and MnP activities. The results suggested that extracellular peroxidase activities are not directly related to the PAH degradation, and the increased solubility rather than enzyme activity may be more important in the promotion of PAH degradation.